{ "meta": { "updated": "2026-11-05", "schema_version": "1.0", "publisher": "The MW Desk", "license_note": "Rows with provenance 'moratorium-nation' derive from the Moratorium Nation dataset by Michael J. Bommarito (CC BY 4.0), https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026, current through 2026-09-23. MW Desk curated rows were read on 2026-11-05.", "disclaimer": "Research, not legal advice. Statuses change; confirm with the jurisdiction's own record.", "pricing_snapshot_as_of": "2026-11-05", "pricing_snapshot_note": "pricing_snapshot values are MW Desk directional estimates (rounded ranges). They are indicative only and are not quoted asking rates." }, "markets": [ { "slug": "northern-virginia", "name": "Virginia: Northern Virginia + Richmond", "short": "N. Virginia", "states": [ "VA" ], "order": 1, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Primary", "position": 3, "note": "CBRE H1 2026: largest North American market by inventory (4,496.5 MW)", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "CBRE, North America Data Center Trends H1 2026", "url": "https://www.cbre.com/insights/books/north-america-data-center-trends-h1-2026", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Dominion Energy (PJM); NOVEC; Rappahannock Electric", "power": [ { "text": "CBRE H1 2026: 4,496.5 MW inventory, 0.24% vacancy, 10.8 MW available, 2,420.2 MW under construction. All 2026 deliveries already committed.", "sources": [ { "title": "CBRE, North America Data Center Trends H1 2026", "url": "https://www.cbre.com/insights/books/north-america-data-center-trends-h1-2026", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Data Center Frontier: CBRE record construction fails to ease capacity crunch", "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/news/55401462/cbre-record-data-center-construction-fails-to-ease-capacity-crunch", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Dominion's new GS-5 large-load rate class takes effect Jan 1, 2027, with 14-year service commitments and minimum charges.", "sources": [ { "title": "Dominion Energy: GS-5 Large Load Rate Class report", "url": "https://sustainability.dominionenergy.com/GS-5%20Large%20Load%20Rate%20Class%20Report.pdf", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "A third-party estimate puts the median wait in Loudoun's pending queue at 5.7 years. Dominion has not published a per-request queue.", "sources": [ { "title": "WattStreet: Loudoun County data center power queue (third-party estimate)", "url": "https://wattstreet.net/county/va/loudoun-county/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true }, { "text": "FERC accepted PJM's Large Load definition and registry (ER26-3515), effective Oct 12, 2026, and rejected the rest of the filing. The registry is not a public per-request queue.", "sources": [ { "title": "FERC order ER26-3515 on PJM Large Load definition and registry", "url": "https://www.pjm.com/pjmfiles/directory/etariff/FercOrders/9207/20261009-er26-3515-000.pdf", "date": "2026-10-09", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "PW Digital Gateway (Prince William County): the rezoning approvals were voided and the parcels reverted to prior zoning. The comp-plan amendment stands, and any new rezoning has to start over.", "sources": [ { "title": "Prince William County: PW Digital Gateway status page", "url": "https://www.pwcva.gov/department/planning-office/pw-digital-gateway", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Loudoun County: on Sep 16, 2026 the Board voted 7-1 for a 12-month pause on new data center applications, effective immediately. A formal resolution was due Oct 20, and we have not confirmed its adoption.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Virginia's Loudoun County board votes to pause new data center applications", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/virginias-loudoun-county-board-votes-to-pause-new-data-center-applications/", "date": "2026-09-18", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Loudoun already removed by-right data center zoning on Mar 18, 2025. An effort to revoke grandfathering for pending projects was tabled after lawsuit-exposure warnings.", "sources": [ { "title": "Loudoun County: Data Centers, Land Use Considerations", "url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/6410/Land-Use-Considerations", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Loudoun Now: Loudoun's effort to curb data center growth dies during board meeting (grandfathering)", "url": "https://www.loudounnow.com/news/loudoun-s-effort-to-curb-data-center-growth-dies-during-board-meeting/article_fe6f4e2d-7e33-4aaf-9a16-36cd0e594f54.html", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Virginia's 2026-28 budget adds a temporary $0.011/kWh electricity consumption tax on data centers from Jul 1, 2026 to Jun 30, 2028, capped at $600M a year. The sales-tax exemption was kept.", "sources": [ { "title": "Virginia budget HB30 (reenrolled) Item 3-5.24: Data center electricity consumption tax", "url": "https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/item/2026/2/HB30/Reenrolled/3/3-5.24/", "date": "2026-06-29", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Virginia Mercury: Virginia has a new two-year budget. Here's what lawmakers now require of data centers", "url": "https://virginiamercury.com/2026/06/30/virginia-has-a-new-two-year-budget-heres-what-lawmakers-now-require-of-data-centers/", "date": "2026-06-30", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "VEDP: Data Center Retail Sales and Use Tax Exemption", "url": "https://www.vedp.org/incentive/data-center-retail-sales-use-tax-exemption", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Fairfax County zoning (Sep 10, 2024): 200-ft setbacks from residential districts, generator distance rules, and noise studies.", "sources": [ { "title": "Fairfax County: Board approves data center zoning ordinance amendment", "url": "https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/news/board-supervisors-approve-new-data-center-zoning-ordinance-amendment", "date": "2024-09-11", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "2026 state laws: HB153/SB94 require a sound-profile site assessment, and HB496/SB553 add water-use reporting. HB1515 (no approvals until interconnection requests are fulfilled, or Jul 2028) was continued to 2027.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "NCSL: Which States Are Banning Data Centers? (updated Sep 15, 2026)", "url": "https://www.ncsl.org/fiscal/which-states-are-banning-data-centers", "date": "2026-09-15", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "cooling", "summary": "The biggest market is the most constrained. Only 10.8 MW is available, Loudoun has frozen applications for 12 months, there is a new per-kWh tax, and Dominion's wait runs multiple years. Existing grandfathered and powered positions just became scarcer and more valuable. New greenfield entitlements are effectively paused in Loudoun.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mn-va-hb503-2026", "mn-va-sb466-2026", "mn-va-hb641-2026", "mn-va-hb1515-2026" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-dom-gs5", "mwd-ferc-pjm-ll", "mwd-va-loudoun-pause", "mwd-va-pw-gateway", "mn-md-montgomery-county-2026", "mn-va-front-royal-2026", "mn-md-frederick-county-2026", "mwd-va-kwh-tax", "mn-md-howard-county-2026", "mn-va-hb153-2026", "mn-va-hb496-2026", "mn-va-sb94-2026", "mn-md-prince-george-s-county-2025", "mwd-va-fairfax-zo" ], "counts": { "pending": 4, "in_force": 14, "total": 21 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": true, "coverage_note": "Blends Northern Virginia with Richmond; NOVA dominates inventory and vacancy.", "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$150\u2013355/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$100\u2013270/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$105\u2013220/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "under 0.5%", "vacancy_label": "extremely tight", "inventory_commissioned": "~6.5\u20137.2 GW", "available_power": "~15\u201340 MW", "under_construction": "~430\u2013520 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~12.5\u201313.0 GW", "absorption_trend": "solid positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Immediate powered shell is scarce; expect multi-year waits for net-new large-load service in constrained pockets." } }, { "slug": "dallas-fort-worth", "name": "Dallas-Fort Worth", "short": "DFW", "states": [ "TX" ], "order": 2, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Primary", "position": 1, "note": "C&W ranked Dallas the #1 primary market globally for the first time", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "DCD: Global data center capacity under construction reached 31.7GW in 2025 (C&W report)", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/global-data-center-capacity-under-construction-reached-317gw-in-2025-more-than-double-the-year-before-report/", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Oncor and other ERCOT TDSPs (ERCOT)", "power": [ { "text": "ERCOT is not approving energization of new data center and crypto loads of 75 MW or more until its Batch Zero verification and audit is done. The governor directed this on Aug 3, 2026, and ERCOT's verification and community-impact reports are due Dec 10, 2026.", "sources": [ { "title": "Office of the Texas Governor: Governor Abbott directs comprehensive data center audit", "url": "https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-directs-comprehensive-data-center-audit", "date": "2026-08-03", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "ERCOT presentation to PUCT: Batch Zero verification and audit, community impact review", "url": "https://www.ercot.com/files/docs/2026/08/20/Batch-Zero-Verification-and-Audit-PUCT-Presentation.pdf", "date": "2026-08-20", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "At Sep 30, 2026, Oncor's transmission large-load queue held about 293 GW of data center requests (282 GW at Jun 30). That figure covers Oncor's whole territory, not just DFW.", "sources": [ { "title": "Oncor reports third quarter 2026 results (PR Newswire via Morningstar)", "url": "https://www.morningstar.com/news/pr-newswire/20261105da89637/oncor-reports-third-quarter-2026-results", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Utility Dive: Oncor weighs impact of Texas data center freeze on nearly 300-GW load pipeline", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/fate-of-oncors-nearly-300-gw-load-pipeline-unclear-following-texas-data-ce/827303/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "CBRE H1 2026: 1,432.8 MW inventory, 39.6 MW available, more than 765 MW under construction and about 95% preleased.", "sources": [ { "title": "CBRE press release: demand continues to outpace supply (H1 2026 market table)", "url": "https://www.cbre.com/press-releases/north-american-data-center-demand-continues-to-outpace-supply-despite-record-construction-activity", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Data Center Frontier: CBRE record construction fails to ease capacity crunch", "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/news/55401462/cbre-record-data-center-construction-fails-to-ease-capacity-crunch", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Microsoft declined an option for more Nscale capacity at Barstow (West Texas, not DFW), a sign that hyperscalers are pruning Texas options during the pause.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Microsoft declined option for expanded compute contract in Texas with Nscale", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-declined-option-for-expanded-compute-contract-in-texas-with-nscale/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Sep 21, 2026: the governor directed TCEQ to halt data center permits until ERCOT's audit is complete. TCEQ reported compliance on Oct 19, and watchdogs say some permits still advanced.", "sources": [ { "title": "Office of the Texas Governor: Governor Abbott directs TCEQ to halt data center permits", "url": "https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-directs-tceq-to-halt-data-center-permits", "date": "2026-09-21", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "TCEQ response to Gov. Abbott Sept. 21 directive on data centers", "url": "https://www.tceq.texas.gov/downloads/response/tceq-response-gov-abbott-dc-directive.pdf", "date": "2026-10-19", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Texas Tribune: Watchdog group criticizes TCEQ for advancing data center permits", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/10/20/data-center-permits-tceq-abbott-texas-pause/", "date": "2026-10-20", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Fort Worth adopted a closed-loop cooling rule for new data centers on Aug 11, 2026. A 90-day moratorium hearing is set for Nov 10, with adoption tentatively Feb 16, 2027.", "sources": [ { "title": "City of Fort Worth: Data Centers (moratorium schedule, closed-loop cooling policy)", "url": "https://www.fortworthtexas.gov/departments/city-manager/datacenters", "date": "2026-09-29", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Governor-elect Gina Hinojosa (elected Nov 3) campaigned on an immediate moratorium until the Legislature passes protections. BMI says the pause could plausibly run into late 2027.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Anti-data center candidates claim victory across the US in 2026 midterm elections", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/us-midterm-elections-2026-data-centers-donald-trump/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "DCD: More than half of US hyperscale projects face 'regulatory friction' after midterms (BMI, Cleanview)", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/more-than-half-of-us-hyperscale-data-center-projects-face-regulatory-friction-after-2026-midterm-elections-report/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "SB 6 (2025) set PUCT/ERCOT large-load interconnection standards at a default 75 MW threshold, including curtailment and disconnection during grid emergencies, which the Anthropic S-1 cites.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Anthropic, PBC Form S-1/A (Amendment No. 1), filed with the SEC Nov 2, 2026", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2130357/000162828026068676/anthropicpbc-sx1ax1.htm", "date": "2026-11-02", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "The state sales-tax exemption (6.25%, 10 to 20 years) remains in effect. Local sales tax still applies.", "sources": [ { "title": "LoadAtlas: Data center tax incentives by state, and what changed in 2026", "url": "https://theloadatlas.com/power/data-center-tax-incentives-by-state/", "date": "2026-10-21", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "This is the #1-ranked market, but new 75 MW+ loads are frozen at the grid level and a new governor wants a statutory moratorium. Existing energized and pre-audited capacity is gold. Underwrite new DFW load assuming a 2027-or-later energization at best.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mwd-tx-fortworth", "mwd-tx-hinojosa", "mn-tx-denton-undated" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-tx-gov-sep21", "mn-tx-lavon-2026", "mwd-tx-gov-aug3", "mn-tx-sb-6-89r-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 3, "in_force": 4, "total": 15 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": false, "coverage_note": null, "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$140\u2013355/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$100\u2013275/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$110\u2013195/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "under 1%", "vacancy_label": "extremely tight", "inventory_commissioned": "~2.4\u20133.1 GW", "available_power": "~0\u201345 MW", "under_construction": "~30\u2013120 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~9.8\u201310.5 GW", "absorption_trend": "strong positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Immediate powered shell is scarce; expect multi-year waits for net-new large-load service in constrained pockets." } }, { "slug": "atlanta", "name": "Atlanta + Georgia secondary", "short": "Atlanta", "states": [ "GA" ], "order": 3, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Primary", "position": 2, "note": "CBRE H1 2026: #1 in North America for capacity under construction (2,882 MW)", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "CBRE, North America Data Center Trends H1 2026", "url": "https://www.cbre.com/insights/books/north-america-data-center-trends-h1-2026", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Georgia Power (Southern Co.), Georgia EMCs; non-RTO (SERC)", "power": [ { "text": "CBRE H1 2026: 1,803.2 MW inventory and 2,882 MW under construction, up 52.3% YoY. Atlanta passed Northern Virginia in construction for the first time.", "sources": [ { "title": "CBRE, North America Data Center Trends H1 2026", "url": "https://www.cbre.com/insights/books/north-america-data-center-trends-h1-2026", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "CBRE press release: demand continues to outpace supply (H1 2026 market table)", "url": "https://www.cbre.com/press-releases/north-american-data-center-demand-continues-to-outpace-supply-despite-record-construction-activity", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Georgia PSC certified about 9.985 GW of new generation, around 80% of it expected to serve data centers, with Georgia Power backstopping costs through 2031.", "sources": [ { "title": "Georgia PSC: Data Center Fact Sheet (Sep 2026)", "url": "https://psc.ga.gov/site/downloads/datacenterfactsheet_202609.pdf", "date": "2026-09", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Microsoft Fairwater Atlanta AI datacenter, operating since Oct 2025 and linked with Fairwater Wisconsin.", "sources": [ { "title": "Microsoft: From Wisconsin to Atlanta, Microsoft connects datacenters to build its first AI superfactory", "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/ai/from-wisconsin-to-atlanta-microsoft-connects-datacenters-to-build-its-first-ai-superfactory/", "date": "2025-11", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Project Sail, Coweta County: about 900 MW (Prologis/Atlas), approved Apr 2026, per an aggregator.", "sources": [ { "title": "Apollo Technical: Data Centers in Georgia, 2026 map and project tracker (aggregator)", "url": "https://www.apollotechnical.com/data-centers-in-georgia/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true }, { "text": "Stargate 'Project Camellia' (Georgia): an approved 3.2 GW power contract running 2028 to 2032, still at the contracted stage.", "sources": [ { "title": "Stargate.how: October status check, where every Stargate site stands", "url": "https://stargate.how/news/stargate-october-2026-tracker-update", "date": "2026-10-18", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "DeKalb County: the moratorium on new or expanded data center applications was extended Jul 7, 2026 to Mar 30, 2027, and is under lawsuit.", "sources": [ { "title": "DeKalb County BOC item 2026-1109 (moratorium extended to Mar 30, 2027)", "url": "https://dekalbcountyga.legistar1.com/dekalbcountyga/attachments/0ce6cc71-d298-42f5-b32f-d6270f2533f8.pdf", "date": "2026-07-07", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Programs.com: Data Center Moratoriums by State tracker (2026)", "url": "https://programs.com/resources/data-center-moratoriums-tracker/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "City of Atlanta (Sep 3, 2024): data centers are barred in the Beltline Overlay and within 2,640 ft of high-capacity transit stations.", "sources": [ { "title": "Atlanta City Council: data center ordinances (Beltline overlay, transit areas)", "url": "https://citycouncil.atlantaga.gov/Home/Components/News/News/3928/", "date": "2024-09-03", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Governor-elect Keisha Lance Bottoms (elected Nov 3) pledged a temporary statewide pause. State moratorium bills HB 1012 and HB 1059 died in 2026.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Anti-data center candidates claim victory across the US in 2026 midterm elections", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/us-midterm-elections-2026-data-centers-donald-trump/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "NCSL: Which States Are Banning Data Centers? (updated Sep 15, 2026)", "url": "https://www.ncsl.org/fiscal/which-states-are-banning-data-centers", "date": "2026-09-15", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Programs.com: Data Center Moratoriums by State tracker (2026)", "url": "https://programs.com/resources/data-center-moratoriums-tracker/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "The sales-tax exemption survived a 2026 repeal push (SB 410). Certificates expire Dec 31, 2031.", "sources": [ { "title": "LoadAtlas: Data center tax incentives by state, and what changed in 2026", "url": "https://theloadatlas.com/power/data-center-tax-incentives-by-state/", "date": "2026-10-21", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "The construction lead is real, but the political floor just moved. A governor-elect promising a statewide pause, plus 50+ local moratoria in force across Georgia, put projects starting in 2028 and later at risk. Projects already under construction with Georgia Power contracts are the safe tier.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mwd-ga-bottoms" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-ga-psc-cert", "mn-ga-forest-park-2026", "mn-ga-ball-ground-2026", "mn-ga-paulding-county-2026", "mn-ga-cherokee-county-2026", "mn-ga-chamblee-2026", "mwd-ga-dekalb", "mn-ga-marietta-2026", "mn-ga-coweta-county-2026", "mn-ga-milton-fulton-county-2026", "mn-ga-cedartown-2026", "mn-ga-carroll-county-2026", "mn-ga-hall-county-2026", "mn-ga-cobb-county-2026", "mn-ga-meriwether-county-2026", "mn-ga-newton-county-2026", "mn-ga-hogansville-2026", "mn-ga-rockdale-county-undated", "mn-ga-east-point-fulton-county-undated", "mn-ga-lamar-county-2025", "mn-ga-clayton-county-2025", "mwd-ga-atlanta-beltline" ], "counts": { "pending": 1, "in_force": 22, "total": 42 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": false, "coverage_note": null, "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$145\u2013360/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$95\u2013230/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$100\u2013205/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "around 1\u20132%", "vacancy_label": "very tight", "inventory_commissioned": "~2.3\u20132.8 GW", "available_power": "~5\u201350 MW", "under_construction": "~65\u2013135 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~2.9\u20133.6 GW", "absorption_trend": "strong positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Immediate powered shell is scarce; expect multi-year waits for net-new large-load service in constrained pockets." } }, { "slug": "columbus", "name": "Columbus / Central Ohio", "short": "Columbus", "states": [ "OH" ], "order": 4, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Primary", "position": 4, "note": "C&W: over 1 GW under construction, 9.7 GW planned", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "F&L Asia: Global data centre market enters managed growth phase (C&W 2026 figures)", "url": "https://www.fuelsandlubes.com/fli-article/global-data-centre-market-enters-managed-growth-phase/", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "AEP Ohio (PJM); also AES Ohio, co-ops", "power": [ { "text": "AEP Ohio's PUCO-approved data center tariff requires collateral, minimum demand charges, 8-12-year contracts, and exit fees.", "sources": [ { "title": "AEP Ohio: Data Center Tariff", "url": "https://www.aepohio.com/company/about/rates/data-center-tariff/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "AEP Ohio: more than 30,000 MW of pre-tariff requests narrowed to 13,022.7 MW that paid for studies, then 5,642 MW of signed contracts under the data center tariff (as of Feb 12, 2026). That is on top of 12,219 MW signed before the tariff, for 17,861 MW contracted through 2035. AEP Ohio's peak is about 8,000-10,500 MW.", "sources": [ { "title": "AEP Ohio: Updates PUCO on data center load, figures show tariff is working", "url": "https://www.aepohio.com/company/news/view?releaseID=10753", "date": "2026-02", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Meta Prometheus (New Albany), about 1 GW, first phase reported online. Others reported in an aggregator: Cologix Johnstown, about 800 MW; Google New Albany; AWS; QTS; Vantage; Microsoft (Heath/Hebron).", "sources": [ { "title": "Inside the Datacenter: Every data center in Ohio (aggregator)", "url": "https://insidethedatacenter.com/articles/ohio-data-centers/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true }, { "text": "Stargate PORTS-Pike (Pike County): first 800 MW targeted for 2028. Lordstown (NE Ohio) has no operating buildings yet.", "sources": [ { "title": "Stargate.how: October status check, where every Stargate site stands", "url": "https://stargate.how/news/stargate-october-2026-tracker-update", "date": "2026-10-18", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "May 27, 2026: Gov. DeWine paused new data center sales-tax exemption requests while the Joint Data Center Committee studies growth. Existing agreements are unaffected.", "sources": [ { "title": "Ohio Governor: DeWine announces pause of data center tax exemption", "url": "https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/OHIOGOVERNOR/bulletins/419304d", "date": "2026-05-27", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Nov 3, 2026 ballots: at least 14 Ohio bans or limits passed. In Central Ohio, Grove City (Franklin Co.) now requires a public vote for 50+ acres, 20 MW+, or 500k gal/day; Pataskala and Granville (Licking Co.) passed bans; Sunbury (Delaware Co.) banned facilities over 25 MW.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Local data center moratoria, limits, and restrictions voted in across the US", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/local-data-center-moratoria-limits-and-restrictions-voted-in-across-the-us/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Governor-elect Amy Acton backs a 'conditional moratorium': 100% utility-cost coverage, union labor, and transparency.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Anti-data center candidates claim victory across the US in 2026 midterm elections", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/us-midterm-elections-2026-data-centers-donald-trump/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "cooling", "summary": "The tariff squeezed out speculative load, so the queue is real now. But the ring towns around New Albany are voting bans in, the tax exemption is paused, and the governor-elect wants conditions. Contracted AEP capacity is the asset. Expect suburban siting to fail more often.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mwd-oh-acton", "mn-oh-perry-undated", "mn-oh-hb-392", "mn-oh-hb-646", "mn-oh-hb-784", "mn-oh-sb-374", "mn-oh-sb-378", "mn-oh-sb-381", "mn-oh-hb-706", "mn-oh-hb-710", "mn-oh-hb-695", "mn-oh-sb-190", "mn-oh-sb-145" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-ballot-oh-0", "mwd-ballot-oh-8", "mwd-ballot-oh-9", "mwd-ballot-oh-10", "mwd-ballot-oh-14", "mwd-ferc-pjm-ll", "mn-oh-mount-gilead-2026", "mn-oh-plain-city-undated", "mn-oh-buckeye-lake-2026", "mn-oh-grove-city-2026", "mn-oh-washington-township-pickaway-county-2026", "mwd-oh-pause", "mn-oh-jackson-township-franklin-county-2026", "mn-oh-commercial-point-2026", "mn-oh-prairie-township-franklin-county-2026", "mn-oh-sunbury-2026", "mn-oh-trenton-township-delaware-county-2026", "mn-oh-scioto-township-2026", "mn-oh-pleasant-township-franklin-county-2026", "mwd-aep-oh-tariff", "mn-oh-muhlenberg-township-pickaway-county-2026", "mn-oh-ashville-2025", "mn-oh-washington-township-2025", "mn-oh-hb-96" ], "counts": { "pending": 13, "in_force": 24, "total": 40 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": false, "coverage_note": null, "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$155\u2013410/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$95\u2013210/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$100\u2013200/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "under 0.5%", "vacancy_label": "extremely tight", "inventory_commissioned": "~0.9\u20131.4 GW", "available_power": "~0\u201315 MW", "under_construction": "~30\u2013120 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~3.4\u20134.1 GW", "absorption_trend": "strong positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Immediate powered shell is scarce; expect multi-year waits for net-new large-load service in constrained pockets." } }, { "slug": "chicago", "name": "Chicago", "short": "Chicago", "states": [ "IL" ], "order": 5, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Primary", "position": 5, "note": "CBRE H1 2026: 910.6 MW inventory, 2.2% vacancy", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "CBRE press release: demand continues to outpace supply (H1 2026 market table)", "url": "https://www.cbre.com/press-releases/north-american-data-center-demand-continues-to-outpace-supply-despite-record-construction-activity", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Data Center Frontier: CBRE record construction fails to ease capacity crunch", "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/news/55401462/cbre-record-data-center-construction-fails-to-ease-capacity-crunch", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "ComEd (Exelon, PJM)", "power": [ { "text": "ComEd's large-load development queue is about 25 GW, down from roughly 39 GW in late 2025. Six transmission security agreements are backed by over $1B in letters of credit, and deposits now cover transformers and substations. A proposed non-firm interruptible large-load tariff awaits an ICC decision expected in Q1 2027.", "sources": [ { "title": "ComEd: secures over $1 billion in financial commitments from large load projects", "url": "https://www.comed.com/news/news-releases/2026-09-16", "date": "2026-09-16", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "ICC opened an investigation (Mar 20, 2026) into tariff and cost-allocation protections for large loads.", "sources": [ { "title": "Illinois Commerce Commission: data center tariff investigation press release", "url": "https://icc.illinois.gov/api/web-management/documents/downloads/public/press-release/03.20.26%20Data%20center%20tariff%20investigation.pdf", "date": "2026-03-20", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "CBRE H1 2026: 170.3 MW under construction, over 90% preleased.", "sources": [ { "title": "Data Center Frontier: CBRE record construction fails to ease capacity crunch", "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/news/55401462/cbre-record-data-center-construction-fails-to-ease-capacity-crunch", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Illinois paused new Data Center Investment Program applications from Jul 1, 2026 (governor directive of Jun 5) with no end date. Prior agreements are honored.", "sources": [ { "title": "Gov. Pritzker pauses new data center tax incentives", "url": "https://gov-pritzker-newsroom.prezly.com/gov-pritzker-pauses-new-data-center-tax-incentives", "date": "2026-06-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Illinois DCEO: Data Center Investment tax exemptions and credits", "url": "https://dceo.illinois.gov/expandrelocate/incentives/datacenters.html", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Chicago: a mayoral executive order (Aug 11, 2026) created enhanced review. A proposed 12-month moratorium was introduced Sep 23 and sits in the Rules Committee without a hearing.", "sources": [ { "title": "City of Chicago: Mayor Johnson signs executive order creating enhanced review for data centers", "url": "https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/mayor/press_room/press_releases/2026/august/data-center-order.html", "date": "2026-08-11", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "City of Chicago: Mayor Johnson and Council members introduce data center moratorium ordinance", "url": "https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/mayor/press_room/press_releases/2026/september/data-center-moratorium.html", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Nov 3, 2026 ballots: voters said no to permitting data centers in Joliet (Will Co.) and several Madison County townships. Bloomington passed an advisory moratorium.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Local data center moratoria, limits, and restrictions voted in across the US", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/local-data-center-moratoria-limits-and-restrictions-voted-in-across-the-us/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "cooling", "summary": "There's no state incentive for new deals, a city moratorium is drafted, and ComEd is demanding money up front. The queue shrinking from 39 to 25 GW is healthy, but the economics of new Illinois builds just got worse.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mwd-il-chicago-mor", "mn-il-sb4004-aquifer-protection-act", "mn-il-sb4016-hyperscale-data-centers-power-act", "mn-il-hb5513-hyperscale-data-centers-power-act-companion", "mn-il-sb2181-data-center-reporting", "mn-il-sb3120-dceo-data-centers", "mn-il-sb3761-data-centers-various", "mn-il-sb3830-data-centers-various", "mn-il-hb4319-data-center-property-rights", "mn-il-hb3574-procurement-data-residency", "mn-il-sb2290-use-occ-tx-quantum-computing", "mn-il-sb0094-data-centers-foreign-ownership" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-ballot-il-22", "mwd-ferc-pjm-ll", "mwd-comed-deposits", "mn-in-gary-2026", "mn-il-lake-county-2026", "mwd-il-chicago-eo", "mn-il-city-of-west-chicago-2026", "mwd-il-pause", "mn-in-merrillville-lake-county-2026", "mn-il-plainfield-2026" ], "counts": { "pending": 12, "in_force": 10, "total": 22 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": false, "coverage_note": null, "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$155\u2013405/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$100\u2013220/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$100\u2013220/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "roughly 2\u20134%", "vacancy_label": "tight", "inventory_commissioned": "~1.5\u20132.0 GW", "available_power": "~20\u201355 MW", "under_construction": "~25\u201360 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~4.7\u20135.2 GW", "absorption_trend": "strong positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Near-term wholesale blocks are limited; most near-term MW is spoken for or pre-leased." } }, { "slug": "phoenix", "name": "Phoenix", "short": "Phoenix", "states": [ "AZ" ], "order": 6, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Primary", "position": 6, "note": "C&W: one of six global markets with over 1 GW under construction", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "F&L Asia: Global data centre market enters managed growth phase (C&W 2026 figures)", "url": "https://www.fuelsandlubes.com/fli-article/global-data-centre-market-enters-managed-growth-phase/", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "APS, SRP (WestConnect / non-RTO)", "power": [ { "text": "APS has not committed to new data centers since Jan 1, 2024, citing grid constraints.", "sources": [ { "title": "KJZZ: APS says it can't commit to new data centers because of grid constraints", "url": "https://www.kjzz.org/business/2026-09-02/aps-says-it-cant-commit-to-new-data-centers-because-of-electric-grid-constraints", "date": "2026-09-02", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "APS IRP (Oct 30, 2026): retail sales roughly double by 2041, with peak above 14.5 GW versus a ~9.2 GW record. Large-load terms now include minimum demand, collateral, and exit fees.", "sources": [ { "title": "Utility Dive: APS sales double by 2041, proposes extending coal use to 2038", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/aps-sales-double-by-2041-proposes-extending-coal-use-to-2038/873648/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "SRP says new data center transmission typically takes 5 to 8 years.", "sources": [ { "title": "SRP: Data Centers and SRP", "url": "https://www.srpnet.com/about/data-center-facts", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "A third-party estimate shows 25.2 GW requested across 91 active requests in Maricopa County, with a 4.1-year median wait.", "sources": [ { "title": "WattStreet: Maricopa County data center power queue (third-party estimate)", "url": "https://wattstreet.net/county/az/maricopa-county/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true }, { "text": "CBRE H1 2026: 1,069.2 MW inventory, 12.1 MW available.", "sources": [ { "title": "CBRE press release: demand continues to outpace supply (H1 2026 market table)", "url": "https://www.cbre.com/press-releases/north-american-data-center-demand-continues-to-outpace-supply-despite-record-construction-activity", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [], "regulatory": [ { "text": "City of Phoenix (Jul 2, 2025): data centers now require a Special Permit.", "sources": [ { "title": "City of Phoenix: zoning update for data centers (special permit)", "url": "https://www.phoenix.gov/newsroom/pdd-news/city-of-phoenix-updates-zoning-to-safeguard-health-and-safety-as.html", "date": "2025-07-02", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "HB 4168 (2026), sec. 31, per the Moratorium Nation dataset: a 3-year moratorium (Jul 1, 2026 to Jun 30, 2029) on new applications to the state data center tax program. This conflicts with the program page, which still lists applications through 2033. Unconfirmed; verify with ACA.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Arizona Commerce Authority: Computer Data Center Program", "url": "https://azcommerce.com/incentives/computer-data-center-program/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true }, { "text": "Pima County adopted a 120-day moratorium (Aug 2026). Tucson rejected Project Blue.", "sources": [ { "title": "Programs.com: Data Center Moratoriums by State tracker (2026)", "url": "https://programs.com/resources/data-center-moratoriums-tracker/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "cooling", "summary": "The utilities are saying no in writing. APS made no new commitments for nearly three years, and SRP quotes 5 to 8 years for transmission. Phoenix capacity is now about who already holds power. Anyone new should look at behind-the-meter power or other markets.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [], "in_force": [ "mwd-az-phoenix-sp" ], "counts": { "pending": 0, "in_force": 1, "total": 12 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": false, "coverage_note": null, "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$150\u2013340/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$100\u2013225/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$95\u2013230/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "around 1\u20132%", "vacancy_label": "very tight", "inventory_commissioned": "~2.1\u20132.6 GW", "available_power": "~10\u201345 MW", "under_construction": "~105\u2013195 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~5.4\u20136.1 GW", "absorption_trend": "strong positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Immediate powered shell is scarce; expect multi-year waits for net-new large-load service in constrained pockets." } }, { "slug": "oregon-hillsboro", "name": "Oregon: Hillsboro / Portland + The Dalles", "short": "Oregon", "states": [ "OR" ], "order": 7, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Primary", "position": 7, "note": "CBRE H1 2026: Hillsboro 491.4 MW inventory, 1.1 MW available", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "CBRE press release: demand continues to outpace supply (H1 2026 market table)", "url": "https://www.cbre.com/press-releases/north-american-data-center-demand-continues-to-outpace-supply-despite-record-construction-activity", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Portland General Electric; BPA; NW public utilities", "power": [ { "text": "PGE's POWER Act tariff covers data centers at 20 MW or more. Data center rates rose about 29% on average while residential fell 1.3%, with minimum demand charges and exit fees.", "sources": [ { "title": "Oregon PUC: approves PGE rate updates (higher bills for data centers)", "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/puc/news-events/Documents/PR-202615.pdf", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "CBRE H1 2026: Hillsboro had 1.1 MW available, the tightest of the primary markets after N. Virginia.", "sources": [ { "title": "CBRE press release: demand continues to outpace supply (H1 2026 market table)", "url": "https://www.cbre.com/press-releases/north-american-data-center-demand-continues-to-outpace-supply-despite-record-construction-activity", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Hillsboro adopted a 120-day pause on new AI data center applications and is moving toward a permanent ceiling on data centers (Oct 2026).", "sources": [ { "title": "KATU: Hillsboro pauses new AI data centers, what's next over the next 120 days", "url": "https://katu.com/news/local/hillsboro-pauses-new-ai-data-centers-whats-next-over-the-next-120-days-portland-oregon-big-tech-green-environment-climate-change-water-local-community-utilities-money", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "OregonLive: Hillsboro moves toward a permanent ceiling on data centers", "url": "https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2026/10/hillsboro-moves-toward-a-permanent-ceiling-on-data-centers.html", "date": "2026-10", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "HB 3546 (2025, POWER Act) created a separate PUC service classification and tariff for large energy-use facilities.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "cooling", "summary": "Essentially sold out, data centers now pay more by law, and the core city is weighing a permanent cap. Growth shifts east (The Dalles, Umatilla/Morrow) onto public power.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [], "in_force": [ "mwd-or-hillsboro", "mn-or-woodburn-2026", "mwd-pge-power", "mn-or-hb-4084-2026", "mn-or-hb-3546-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 0, "in_force": 5, "total": 7 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": true, "coverage_note": "Uses Portland-metro lease bands as the proxy for Hillsboro / Portland / The Dalles colo.", "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$145\u2013360/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$110\u2013220/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$100\u2013215/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "under 0.5%", "vacancy_label": "extremely tight", "inventory_commissioned": "~0.5\u20130.8 GW", "available_power": "~0\u201315 MW", "under_construction": "~25\u201350 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~0.6\u20130.9 GW", "absorption_trend": "solid positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Immediate powered shell is scarce; expect multi-year waits for net-new large-load service in constrained pockets." } }, { "slug": "new-york-new-jersey", "name": "New York / New Jersey", "short": "NYC/NJ", "states": [ "NY", "NJ" ], "order": 8, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Primary", "position": 9, "note": "CBRE H1 2026: NY Tri-State 190.0 MW inventory", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "CBRE press release: demand continues to outpace supply (H1 2026 market table)", "url": "https://www.cbre.com/press-releases/north-american-data-center-demand-continues-to-outpace-supply-despite-record-construction-activity", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "NYISO (Con Ed, etc.); PJM (PSE&G, JCP&L, ACE, RECO)", "power": [ { "text": "FERC accepted PJM's Large Load definition and registry (ER26-3515), effective Oct 12, 2026. This covers the New Jersey utilities.", "sources": [ { "title": "FERC order ER26-3515 on PJM Large Load definition and registry", "url": "https://www.pjm.com/pjmfiles/directory/etariff/FercOrders/9207/20261009-er26-3515-000.pdf", "date": "2026-10-09", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "NJ Data Center Fair Share Act (P.L. 2026, c.32, effective Jul 7, 2026): utilities must file large-load tariffs for 100 MW+ data centers. BPU RFI comments are due Nov 13, 2026.", "sources": [ { "title": "New Jersey P.L. 2026, c.32 (A796) Data Center Fair Share Act", "url": "https://pub.njleg.state.nj.us/Bills/2026/AL26/32_.HTM", "date": "2026-07-07", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "NJ BPU: Data Center Fair Share Act request for information notice", "url": "https://www.nj.gov/bpu/pdf/publicnotice/Webposting-Notice-EO26080463-%20Data%20Center%20Fair%20Share%20Act%20RFI.pdf", "date": "2026-10", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Anthropic/Fluidstack custom data center in New York (part of the $50B plan). The exact site is not confirmed by Anthropic.", "sources": [ { "title": "Anthropic: invests $50 billion in American AI infrastructure (Fluidstack, Texas and New York)", "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-invests-50-billion-in-american-ai-infrastructure", "date": "2025-11", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "NY Executive Order 62 (Jul 14, 2026): a one-year pause on state permits for new data centers of 50 MW or more while agencies build a framework. The Legislature separately passed a 20 MW moratorium bill. The Anthropic S-1 names New York's pause as a risk.", "sources": [ { "title": "NCSL: New York hits pause on data centers. Will other states follow?", "url": "https://www.ncsl.org/press-room/details/new-york-hits-pause-on-data-centers-will-other-states-follow", "date": "2026-07-15", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "NCSL: Which States Are Banning Data Centers? (updated Sep 15, 2026)", "url": "https://www.ncsl.org/fiscal/which-states-are-banning-data-centers", "date": "2026-09-15", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Anthropic, PBC Form S-1/A (Amendment No. 1), filed with the SEC Nov 2, 2026", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2130357/000162828026068676/anthropicpbc-sx1ax1.htm", "date": "2026-11-02", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "NJ bills: A5482 (6-month moratorium) was introduced. Prevailing wage now applies to some DC construction (S4928). A water/energy usage reporting bill passed both chambers.", "sources": [ { "title": "NCSL: Which States Are Banning Data Centers? (updated Sep 15, 2026)", "url": "https://www.ncsl.org/fiscal/which-states-are-banning-data-centers", "date": "2026-09-15", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Gov. Hochul was re-elected Nov 3, so the EO framework is likely to continue.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Anti-data center candidates claim victory across the US in 2026 midterm elections", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/us-midterm-elections-2026-data-centers-donald-trump/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "cooling", "summary": "New York has the first statewide pause in force, and New Jersey has new cost-allocation law and dozens of local moratoria (counts vary by tracker). This is a latency and enterprise market, not a place for gigawatt campuses.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mn-nj-s3379-a4096-a4696-2026-2027", "mwd-ny-a10141", "mn-ny-s6394a-a9086a-2025-2026", "mn-ny-s8540-a9039a-2025-2026", "mn-nj-sr18-2026-2027", "mn-nj-a3966-2026-2027", "mn-nj-a4710-2026-2027", "mn-nj-s680-a1170-2026-2027", "mn-nj-s3611-2026-2027", "mn-ny-s8546-a10049-2025-2026", "mn-ny-s8037-2025-2026", "mn-ny-s8518-a9138-2025-2026", "mn-ny-s8536-a9064-2025-2026", "mn-ny-s8645-a9136-2025-2026" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-ferc-pjm-ll", "mn-ny-town-of-orangetown-2026", "mn-nj-sayreville-2026", "mwd-ny-eo62", "mwd-nj-fairshare", "mn-nj-asbury-park-2026", "mn-nj-s4928-2024-2025", "mn-nj-a5466-2024-2025", "mn-ny-s6486d-a7389c-2021-2022-enacted" ], "counts": { "pending": 14, "in_force": 9, "total": 25 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": true, "coverage_note": "Blends New York City-area and Northern New Jersey bands.", "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$155\u2013455/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$130\u2013290/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$135\u2013245/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "around 5\u20138%", "vacancy_label": "moderately available", "inventory_commissioned": "~420\u2013530 MW", "available_power": "~10\u201345 MW", "under_construction": "~40\u2013110 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~165\u2013235 MW", "absorption_trend": "light positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Mix of tight wholesale and some retail availability; large contiguous blocks still require lead time." } }, { "slug": "silicon-valley", "name": "Silicon Valley", "short": "Silicon Valley", "states": [ "CA" ], "order": 9, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Primary", "position": 10, "note": "CBRE H1 2026: 509.2 MW inventory", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "CBRE press release: demand continues to outpace supply (H1 2026 market table)", "url": "https://www.cbre.com/press-releases/north-american-data-center-demand-continues-to-outpace-supply-despite-record-construction-activity", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Silicon Valley Power (Santa Clara muni), PG&E (CAISO)", "power": [ { "text": "PG&E reports a 12.7 GW data center pipeline and is courting smaller loads.", "sources": [ { "title": "Utility Dive: PG&E says it has 12.7 GW in data center pipeline as it courts smaller loads", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/pge-claims-127-gw-in-data-center-pipeline-as-utility-courts-smaller-loads/826099/", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Silicon Valley Power: data centers already use about 55% of SVP's power, and peak is projected to rise from ~740 MW to ~1.3 GW within 5 to 10 years.", "sources": [ { "title": "APPA: Silicon Valley Power's Nico Procos details strategies tied to data centers", "url": "https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/silicon-valley-powers-nico-procos-details-strategies-tied-data-centers", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true }, { "text": "CAISO's board advanced flexible interim large-load interconnection (Oct 28, 2026), to be filed at FERC by Nov 16. Transmission owners would study load interconnections on a 60-90 day clock.", "sources": [ { "title": "CAISO: Board advances new procedures for connecting large loads quickly and reliably", "url": "https://www.caiso.com/about/news/news-releases/caiso-board-advances-new-procedures-for-connecting-large-loads-quickly-and-reliably", "date": "2026-10-28", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Sep 21, 2026: seven state data center laws signed. SB 887 removes CEQA categorical exemptions (effective Jan 1, 2027). SB 886, SB 1168, and AB 2383 cover rates and cost allocation. AB 1577, AB 2469, and AB 2619 cover reporting and water.", "sources": [ { "title": "Governor of California: Newsom signs most comprehensive data center laws in the nation", "url": "https://www.gov.ca.gov/2026/09/21/governor-newsom-signs-most-comprehensive-data-center-laws-in-the-nation-providing-communities-more-control-on-water-electricity-and-land-use/", "date": "2026-09-21", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "California Legislature: SB-887 bill text", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB887", "date": "2026-09-21", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Elsewhere in California: San Diego adopted a 45-day pause (Oct 2026), and Alhambra (LA County) voters banned data centers on Nov 3.", "sources": [ { "title": "Programs.com: Data Center Moratoriums by State tracker (2026)", "url": "https://programs.com/resources/data-center-moratoriums-tracker/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "DCD: Local data center moratoria, limits, and restrictions voted in across the US", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/local-data-center-moratoria-limits-and-restrictions-voted-in-across-the-us/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "cooling", "summary": "CEQA review now applies to every new data center from 2027 and cost-causation is in statute. Power is tight and expensive. Inventory is valuable, but new supply will be slow.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mwd-caiso-ll", "mn-ca-ab1577-2025-2026", "mn-ca-ab2619-2025-2026", "mn-ca-sb886-2025-2026", "mn-ca-sb887-2025-2026", "mn-ca-ab2170-2025-2026", "mn-ca-sb978-2025-2026", "mn-ca-ab222-2025-2026" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-ca-sb887", "mwd-ca-sb886", "mwd-ca-sb1168", "mwd-ca-ab2383", "mwd-ca-ab1577", "mwd-ca-ab2469", "mwd-ca-ab2619", "mn-ca-morgan-hill-2026", "mn-ca-sb57-2025-2026" ], "counts": { "pending": 8, "in_force": 9, "total": 20 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": true, "coverage_note": "Uses Northern California lease bands (Bay Area / NorCal colo).", "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$190\u2013435/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$135\u2013305/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$120\u2013235/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "roughly 2\u20134%", "vacancy_label": "tight", "inventory_commissioned": "~0.7\u20131.0 GW", "available_power": "~10\u201355 MW", "under_construction": "~20\u2013130 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~0.5\u20131.0 GW", "absorption_trend": "modest positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Near-term wholesale blocks are limited; most near-term MW is spoken for or pre-leased." } }, { "slug": "austin-san-antonio", "name": "Austin / San Antonio", "short": "Austin/SA", "states": [ "TX" ], "order": 10, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Secondary", "position": 1, "note": "#1 secondary market in the Americas", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "CPS Energy (muni), Austin Energy (muni), LCRA/co-ops (ERCOT)", "power": [ { "text": "CPS Energy lists about 26.1 GW of requested large-load capacity across 59 projects.", "sources": [ { "title": "CPS Energy: Large Load Growth presentation", "url": "https://www.cpsenergy.com/content/dam/corporate/en/Documents/CAC-Meetings/CIC_LargeLoadPresentation_3626_ADA.pdf", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Austin Energy has 13 potential data center inquiries totaling 664 MW, none above 75 MW.", "sources": [ { "title": "City of Austin memo: 60-day update on data center regulations (via KXAN)", "url": "https://www.kxan.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/2026/10/MMAC-60-Day-Update-Related-to-Data-Center-Regulations.pdf", "date": "2026-10", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Austin Politics: Austin's first data center rules could get a council vote Dec. 3", "url": "https://www.austinpolitics.org/on-my-block/data-center-rules-december-3-vote-title-4-memo-13-power-inquiries", "date": "2026-10", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "ERCOT's 75 MW+ data center energization pause applies, and reports are due Dec 10, 2026.", "sources": [ { "title": "ERCOT presentation to PUCT: Batch Zero verification and audit, community impact review", "url": "https://www.ercot.com/files/docs/2026/08/20/Batch-Zero-Verification-and-Audit-PUCT-Presentation.pdf", "date": "2026-08-20", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Austin's first data center rules could get a City Council vote on Dec 3, 2026.", "sources": [ { "title": "Austin Politics: Austin's first data center rules could get a council vote Dec. 3", "url": "https://www.austinpolitics.org/on-my-block/data-center-rules-december-3-vote-title-4-memo-13-power-inquiries", "date": "2026-10", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Statewide: the TCEQ permit halt (Sep 21) and a governor-elect pledging a moratorium.", "sources": [ { "title": "Office of the Texas Governor: Governor Abbott directs TCEQ to halt data center permits", "url": "https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-directs-tceq-to-halt-data-center-permits", "date": "2026-09-21", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "DCD: Anti-data center candidates claim victory across the US in 2026 midterm elections", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/us-midterm-elections-2026-data-centers-donald-trump/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "The municipal utilities insulate it somewhat (CPS is not an Oncor-style TDSP), but ERCOT's pause and the TCEQ halt still bind. Sub-75 MW deployments are the near-term lane, and that is exactly the size of Austin's inquiries.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mwd-tx-austin", "mwd-tx-hinojosa" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-tx-gov-sep21", "mwd-tx-gov-aug3", "mn-tx-hays-county-2026", "mn-tx-sb-6-89r-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 2, "in_force": 4, "total": 14 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": true, "coverage_note": "Blends Austin and San Antonio asking-rate bands into one Texas triangle view.", "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$145\u2013345/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$105\u2013235/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$95\u2013195/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "under 0.5%", "vacancy_label": "extremely tight", "inventory_commissioned": "~0.8\u20131.3 GW", "available_power": "~0\u201320 MW", "under_construction": "~5\u201350 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~3.7\u20134.4 GW", "absorption_trend": "strong positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Immediate powered shell is scarce; expect multi-year waits for net-new large-load service in constrained pockets." } }, { "slug": "carolinas", "name": "The Carolinas (Charlotte, Triangle, Upstate SC)", "short": "Carolinas", "states": [ "NC", "SC" ], "order": 11, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Secondary", "position": 2, "note": "", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Duke Energy Carolinas/Progress, Dominion SC, Santee Cooper (non-RTO)", "power": [ { "text": "Duke reports 7.946 GW across 43 advanced large-load projects in the Carolinas (Spring 2026 report), 4.337 GW of it under executed ESAs.", "sources": [ { "title": "Duke Energy semi-annual report on large load additions (SC PSC, Spring 2026)", "url": "https://dms.psc.sc.gov/Attachments/Matters/de0c7c13-0d78-48ab-ac99-0589702ddad9.pdf", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Duke's late-stage pipeline is about 15.4 GW, with ESA conversion targeted by early 2027 (Q3 2026 call).", "sources": [ { "title": "Duke Energy Q3 2026 earnings call transcript (Motley Fool)", "url": "https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2026/11/05/duke-energy-duk-q3-2026-earnings-call-transcript/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "DCD: Duke Energy data center pipeline grows by 2.7GW since Q4 2025", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/duke-energy-data-center-pipeline-grows-by-27gw-since-q4-2025/", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "A North Carolina large-load tariff settlement applies to customers contracting after Jun 1, 2026. A South Carolina version is expected to be filed by year-end.", "sources": [ { "title": "Duke Energy Q3 2026 earnings call transcript (Motley Fool)", "url": "https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2026/11/05/duke-energy-duk-q3-2026-earnings-call-transcript/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "projects": [ { "text": "AWS: $10B Richmond County, NC campus next to Duke's Smith Energy Complex.", "sources": [ { "title": "Amazon: to invest $10B in North Carolina to expand cloud infrastructure and advance AI", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-investment-north-carolina-ai-cloud-infrastructure", "date": "2025-06", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "At least 15 SC counties have proposed or passed temporary pauses, and NC has 50+ local pauses in force.", "sources": [ { "title": "The State: Local pause efforts on data centers grow across SC counties", "url": "https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/article317114740.html", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "SC Association of Counties: Counties and data center ordinances (as of 09/28/2026)", "url": "https://www.sccounties.org/sites/default/files/uploads/resources/data%20centers%20and%20ai/as-of-09282026.pdf", "date": "2026-09-28", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "SC H 5526 would bar local approvals until a state oversight framework is adopted (introduced).", "sources": [ { "title": "NCSL: Which States Are Banning Data Centers? (updated Sep 15, 2026)", "url": "https://www.ncsl.org/fiscal/which-states-are-banning-data-centers", "date": "2026-09-15", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "Duke is converting real ESAs, and AWS is anchored at Richmond County. Local pause counts are rising fast, so site-level entitlement risk is the gating item, not power.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mn-sc-s-867-2026", "mn-sc-h-5526-2026", "mn-sc-h-5286-2026", "mn-sc-h-4583-2026", "mn-sc-s-902-2026", "mn-sc-s-784-2026", "mn-sc-s-724-2026", "mn-nc-hb-1002-2025-2026-rate-payer-protection-act", "mn-nc-hb-638-2025-2026-equitable-escalation-of-electricity-demand-act", "mn-nc-city-of-raleigh-undated" ], "in_force": [ "mn-sc-spartanburg-county-2026", "mn-nc-city-of-statesville-2026", "mn-sc-laurens-county-2026", "mn-nc-city-of-hendersonville-undated", "mn-nc-lincolnton-2026", "mn-nc-town-of-cary-2026", "mn-nc-durham-county-2026", "mn-nc-town-of-hildebran-2026", "mn-sc-anderson-county-2026", "mn-nc-town-of-waxhaw-2026", "mn-sc-chester-county-2026", "mn-sc-york-county-2026", "mn-nc-davie-county-2026", "mn-nc-town-of-franklin-2026", "mn-nc-town-of-holly-springs-2026", "mn-nc-charlotte-2026", "mn-nc-town-of-hillsborough-2026", "mn-nc-town-of-garner-2026", "mn-nc-town-of-bailey-2026", "mn-nc-durham-2026", "mn-nc-harnett-county-2026", "mn-nc-town-of-spring-hope-2026", "mn-nc-apex-2026", "mn-nc-wendell-2026", "mn-nc-kings-mountain-2026", "mn-nc-chatham-county-2026" ], "counts": { "pending": 10, "in_force": 26, "total": 38 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": true, "coverage_note": "Directional ranges lean on the Charlotte metro; Triangle and Upstate SC are not separately priced here.", "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$155\u2013315/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$120\u2013215/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$115\u2013205/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "low-to-mid teens", "vacancy_label": "soft relative to primary markets", "inventory_commissioned": "~35\u201360 MW", "available_power": "~0\u201330 MW", "under_construction": "~0\u201315 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~1.1\u20131.6 GW", "absorption_trend": "flat / little net absorption in the latest quarter", "power_timing_theme": "More near-term colo availability than primary AI markets; still confirm substation and transmission timing for large loads." } }, { "slug": "reno", "name": "Reno / Tahoe-Reno Industrial Center", "short": "Reno", "states": [ "NV" ], "order": 12, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Secondary", "position": 3, "note": "", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "NV Energy (Sierra Pacific), WEIM", "power": [ { "text": "NV Energy cites about 22 GW of data center interest statewide and roughly 6 GW under signed interconnection agreements, about 84% of it in northern Nevada (TRIC). This comes from IRP materials and is summarized, not verified line by line.", "sources": [ { "title": "NV Energy 2026 IRP stakeholder briefing", "url": "https://www.nvenergy.com/publish/content/dam/nvenergy/brochures_arch/cleanenergy/2026-IRP-Stakeholder-Briefing.pdf", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "RCG Economics: Nevada's data-center boom is outrunning its power grid", "url": "https://rcgecon.com/nevadas-data-center-boom-is-outrunning-its-power-grid/", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Switch proposes a 510 MW natural gas plant to power its Nevada data centers.", "sources": [ { "title": "Las Vegas Review-Journal: Switch proposes 510 MW natural gas plant", "url": "https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/energy/switch-plans-massive-natural-gas-plant-to-power-nevada-data-centers-3900897/", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Tract/Fleet are working on two campuses at TRIC (Jun 2026).", "sources": [ { "title": "Nevada Appeal: Data center firm working on 2 campuses at Tahoe Reno Industrial Center", "url": "https://www.nevadaappeal.com/news/2026/jun/09/nevada-data-center-firm-working-on-two-campuses-at-tahoe-reno-industrial-center/", "date": "2026-06-09", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "State abatements remain: 75% personal-property abatement and 2% sales/use tax, on 10 or 20-year terms.", "sources": [ { "title": "Nevada GOED: Data center tax abatements (NRS 360.754)", "url": "https://goed.nv.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Data-Center-2026.pdf", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "heating", "summary": "Signed ESAs concentrated at TRIC, a pro-development county, and self-build gas make Reno one of the few West markets adding real capacity. Watch water and NV Energy rate cases.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [], "in_force": [ "mn-nv-reno-2026", "mn-nv-ab458-83rd-2025", "mn-nv-sb69-83rd-2025", "mn-nv-ab509-83rd-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 0, "in_force": 4, "total": 8 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": false, "coverage_note": null, "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$165\u2013375/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$105\u2013215/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$110\u2013190/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "under 0.5%", "vacancy_label": "extremely tight", "inventory_commissioned": "~0.4\u20130.9 GW", "available_power": "~0\u201315 MW", "under_construction": "~45\u2013155 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~4.9\u20135.6 GW", "absorption_trend": "flat / little net absorption in the latest quarter", "power_timing_theme": "Immediate powered shell is scarce; expect multi-year waits for net-new large-load service in constrained pockets." } }, { "slug": "salt-lake-city", "name": "Salt Lake City / Utah", "short": "Salt Lake City", "states": [ "UT" ], "order": 13, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Secondary", "position": 4, "note": "Also top 10 in C&W grid-stability ranking", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Rocky Mountain Power (PacifiCorp), WEIM", "power": [ { "text": "SB 132 (2025) created Utah's large-load framework. Rocky Mountain Power's first contract under it (over 100 MW, customer pays incremental costs) was filed at the PSC on Feb 10, 2026.", "sources": [ { "title": "Utah PSC docket 26-035-05: Rocky Mountain Power large-load contract application", "url": "https://pscdocs.utah.gov/electric/26docs/2603505/343770Aplctn2-10-2026.pdf", "date": "2026-02-10", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "A $10B data center is planned near residences (Sep 2026), and neighbors say they were left 'in the dark'.", "sources": [ { "title": "Salt Lake Tribune: Utahns left 'in the dark' on $10B data center planned across street", "url": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/2026/09/14/utahns-left-in-dark-10b-data/", "date": "2026-09-14", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "2026: HB 76 requires data center water notice and reporting. HB 507 limits political-subdivision actions on state-coordinated projects.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "heating", "summary": "A state-backed 'Operation Gigawatt' posture plus a large-load statute that pushes costs onto the customer. Local transparency fights are emerging, but the state has some ability to preempt them.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [], "in_force": [ "mn-ut-clearfield-2026", "mn-ut-hb0507-2026", "mn-ut-hb0076-2026", "mn-ut-sb0132-2025", "mn-ut-sb0114-2020" ], "counts": { "pending": 0, "in_force": 5, "total": 8 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": false, "coverage_note": null, "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$140\u2013330/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$105\u2013240/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$105\u2013215/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "under 0.5%", "vacancy_label": "extremely tight", "inventory_commissioned": "~0.4\u20130.9 GW", "available_power": "~0\u201325 MW", "under_construction": "~5\u201350 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~1.0\u20131.5 GW", "absorption_trend": "strong positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Immediate powered shell is scarce; expect multi-year waits for net-new large-load service in constrained pockets." } }, { "slug": "minneapolis", "name": "Minneapolis-St. Paul / Minnesota", "short": "Minneapolis", "states": [ "MN" ], "order": 14, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Secondary", "position": 6, "note": "Also #5 in C&W grid-stability ranking", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Xcel Energy (MISO)", "power": [ { "text": "Minnesota PUC approved an Xcel large-load framework for new loads of 100 MW or more, with customer-funded upgrades.", "sources": [ { "title": "Minnesota PUC: strengthens consumer protections for new very large electricity customers", "url": "https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/MNPUBUC/bulletins/417d139", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Xcel is pursuing large-load tariffs in four states.", "sources": [ { "title": "Utility Dive: Xcel Energy pursuing large load tariffs in 4 states amid data center growth", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/xcel-energy-pursuing-large-load-tariffs-in-4-states-amid-data-center-growth/811518/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Google, Pine Island: a reported 780 MW project.", "sources": [ { "title": "Citizens Utility Board of Minnesota: the latest on MN data centers (Pine Island, Hermantown)", "url": "https://cubminnesota.org/latest-mn-data-centers-pine-island-hermantown", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Minneapolis: a 6-month data center moratorium through Nov 21, 2026. Downtown projects under 350k sq ft are exempt.", "sources": [ { "title": "Minneapolis Ordinance 2026-016 (data center moratorium)", "url": "https://mcclibraryfunctions.azurewebsites.us/api/ordinanceDownload/11490/1434565/pdf", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "The 2025 special-session law (HF 16) created a statewide data center package, including water pre-application review. A 2026 moratorium bill (HF 4888) died.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "NCSL: Which States Are Banning Data Centers? (updated Sep 15, 2026)", "url": "https://www.ncsl.org/fiscal/which-states-are-banning-data-centers", "date": "2026-09-15", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "The rules are clear and costs fall on the customer, which is investable. The Minneapolis pause expires Nov 21, so watch whether it is extended.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mn-mn-woodbury-undated" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-xcel-mn-ll", "mn-mn-plymouth-2026", "mn-wi-st-croix-county-2026", "mn-mn-hastings-2026", "mn-mn-chisago-county-2026", "mn-mn-elk-river-2026", "mn-mn-minnetrista-2026", "mn-mn-otsego-2026", "mn-mn-city-of-apple-valley-2026", "mn-mn-north-branch-undated", "mn-mn-inver-grove-heights-2026", "mn-mn-wright-county-2026", "mn-mn-city-of-elko-new-market-2026", "mn-mn-lonsdale-2026", "mn-mn-rosemount-2026", "mn-mn-eagan-2026", "mn-mn-2025-1st-special-session-hf-16-chapter-12" ], "counts": { "pending": 1, "in_force": 17, "total": 29 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": false, "coverage_note": null, "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$155\u2013370/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$125\u2013210/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$105\u2013190/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "low-to-mid teens", "vacancy_label": "soft relative to primary markets", "inventory_commissioned": "~55\u2013145 MW", "available_power": "~0\u201320 MW", "under_construction": "~0\u201330 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~0.6\u20130.9 GW", "absorption_trend": "modest positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "More near-term colo availability than primary AI markets; still confirm substation and transmission timing for large loads." } }, { "slug": "las-vegas", "name": "Las Vegas", "short": "Las Vegas", "states": [ "NV" ], "order": 15, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Secondary", "position": 7, "note": "", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "NV Energy (Nevada Power)", "power": [ { "text": "Most of NV Energy's signed data center agreements are in northern Nevada. Southern Nevada is the smaller share.", "sources": [ { "title": "RCG Economics: Nevada's data-center boom is outrunning its power grid", "url": "https://rcgecon.com/nevadas-data-center-boom-is-outrunning-its-power-grid/", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "projects": [], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Henderson rejected a 180-day moratorium (Jul 22, 2026) and will require negotiated development agreements covering water, grid, and noise.", "sources": [ { "title": "Las Vegas Sun: Henderson opts for strict development agreements instead of a freeze", "url": "https://lasvegassun.com/news/2026/jul/22/henderson-council-opts-for-strict-development-agre/", "date": "2026-07-22", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Clark County took no action on a moratorium push (Jul 8, 2026) and directed staff to research uniform standards.", "sources": [ { "title": "Nevada Current: Clark County hears push for data center moratorium but takes no action", "url": "https://nevadacurrent.com/2026/07/08/clark-county-commission-hears-push-for-data-center-moratorium-but-takes-no-action/", "date": "2026-07-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Nov 3, 2026: Boulder City voters rejected allowing data centers in the Eldorado Valley Transfer Area.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Local data center moratoria, limits, and restrictions voted in across the US", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/local-data-center-moratoria-limits-and-restrictions-voted-in-across-the-us/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "Local governments are negotiating rather than banning, but water politics and a no vote in Boulder City cap the upside.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [], "in_force": [ "mwd-ballot-nv-30", "mwd-nv-henderson", "mn-nv-ab458-83rd-2025", "mn-nv-sb69-83rd-2025", "mn-nv-ab509-83rd-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 0, "in_force": 5, "total": 10 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": false, "coverage_note": null, "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$170\u2013395/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$110\u2013205/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$95\u2013210/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "under 0.5%", "vacancy_label": "extremely tight", "inventory_commissioned": "~320\u2013430 MW", "available_power": "~0\u201325 MW", "under_construction": "~0\u201320 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~10\u201355 MW", "absorption_trend": "flat / little net absorption in the latest quarter", "power_timing_theme": "Immediate powered shell is scarce; expect multi-year waits for net-new large-load service in constrained pockets." } }, { "slug": "omaha-council-bluffs", "name": "Omaha / Council Bluffs", "short": "Omaha", "states": [ "NE", "IA" ], "order": 16, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Secondary", "position": 8, "note": "", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "OPPD (public power, SPP); MidAmerican (Iowa side, MISO)", "power": [ { "text": "OPPD's 2026 plan lowered its peak forecast to 2,908 MW from 3,036 MW, partly by treating uncertain data center loads more conservatively.", "sources": [ { "title": "OPPD 2026 Corporate Operating Plan", "url": "https://www.oppd.com/media/321227/2026-corporate-operating-plan.pdf", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Nebraska EO 26-17 (Jul 20, 2026) bars approval of new data center applications for ImagiNE Nebraska incentives and creates a Data Center Task Force that reports in 2027.", "sources": [ { "title": "Nebraska Executive Order 26-17 (ImagiNE Nebraska data center applications)", "url": "https://govdocs.nebraska.gov/docs/pilot/pubs/eofiles/26-17.pdf", "date": "2026-07-20", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Office of Governor Pillen: signs executive order on data centers", "url": "https://governor.nebraska.gov/gov-pillen-signs-executive-order-data-centers", "date": "2026-07-20", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "LB1010 (2026) adopted a Large Load Customer Regulation Act.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "cooling", "summary": "No new state incentive applications, and the public utility is discounting speculative load. Existing hyperscale campuses expand, but new entrants face worse economics.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [], "in_force": [ "mn-ne-cass-county-2026", "mwd-ne-eo2617", "mn-ia-ssb3103-2026", "mn-ia-ssb3001-2026", "mn-ia-ssb3151-hf2357-2026", "mn-ne-lb1010-2026", "mn-ia-hf976-2025", "mn-ia-sf657-2025", "mn-ne-lb613-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 0, "in_force": 9, "total": 22 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "not_benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "display": "Not yet benchmarked", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. We have not published a directional pricing/supply snapshot for this market yet." } }, { "slug": "denver", "name": "Denver / Colorado Front Range", "short": "Denver", "states": [ "CO" ], "order": 17, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Secondary", "position": 9, "note": "", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Xcel Energy (Public Service Co. of Colorado)", "power": [ { "text": "Xcel's proposed Colorado large-load tariff (50 MW+, long contracts, minimum payments, exit charges) is pending and suspended in PUC proceeding 26AL-0137E.", "sources": [ { "title": "Colorado PUC: electric rate cases (Xcel large-load tariff, proceeding 26AL-0137E)", "url": "https://puc.colorado.gov/electric-rate-cases", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Xcel Energy: proposal protects customers from higher bills as data center demand grows", "url": "https://newsroom.xcelenergy.com/news/xcel-energy-proposal-protects-customers-from-higher-bills-as-data-center-demand-grows", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Denver: a one-year moratorium on new data center permits, effective May 21, 2026. Operating and permitted projects are unaffected.", "sources": [ { "title": "Axios Denver: Denver pauses new data center development for one year", "url": "https://www.axios.com/local/denver/2026/05/19/denver-data-center-moratorium-approved", "date": "2026-05-19", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "cooling", "summary": "The core city has paused through May 2027 and the tariff is unsettled. This is TJ's home market: field notes will add color here.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mwd-xcel-co-ll", "mn-co-commerce-city-undated", "mn-co-arvada-undated" ], "in_force": [ "mn-co-mead-2026", "mn-co-lochbuie-2026", "mn-co-broomfield-2026", "mn-co-hudson-2026", "mn-co-boulder-county-2026", "mwd-co-denver", "mn-co-jefferson-county-2026" ], "counts": { "pending": 3, "in_force": 7, "total": 14 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": false, "coverage_note": null, "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$155\u2013370/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$100\u2013210/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$105\u2013205/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "around 10\u201312%", "vacancy_label": "more available than core markets", "inventory_commissioned": "~130\u2013220 MW", "available_power": "~5\u201330 MW", "under_construction": "~0\u201325 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~0.4\u20130.9 GW", "absorption_trend": "light positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "More near-term colo availability than primary AI markets; still confirm substation and transmission timing for large loads." } }, { "slug": "west-texas", "name": "West Texas (Abilene, Shackelford, Permian)", "short": "West Texas", "states": [ "TX" ], "order": 18, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Tertiary", "position": 1, "note": "C&W: 2.9 GW under construction, more than all of EMEA", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "F&L Asia: Global data centre market enters managed growth phase (C&W 2026 figures)", "url": "https://www.fuelsandlubes.com/fli-article/global-data-centre-market-enters-managed-growth-phase/", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "ERCOT (Oncor, AEP Texas, co-ops); behind-the-meter gas", "power": [ { "text": "ERCOT's 75 MW+ data center energization pause applies, and Batch Zero reports are due Dec 10, 2026.", "sources": [ { "title": "ERCOT presentation to PUCT: Batch Zero verification and audit, community impact review", "url": "https://www.ercot.com/files/docs/2026/08/20/Batch-Zero-Verification-and-Audit-PUCT-Presentation.pdf", "date": "2026-08-20", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Stargate Abilene: a Texas air permit for additional on-site generation (No. 182126) is still pending under the TCEQ halt.", "sources": [ { "title": "Stargate.how: October status check, where every Stargate site stands", "url": "https://stargate.how/news/stargate-october-2026-tracker-update", "date": "2026-10-18", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Office of the Texas Governor: Governor Abbott directs TCEQ to halt data center permits", "url": "https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-directs-tceq-to-halt-data-center-permits", "date": "2026-09-21", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Stargate Abilene (Crusoe/Oracle/OpenAI): 6 of 8 buildings delivered, 618 MW, about 75% of campus capacity (Oracle, Sep 10).", "sources": [ { "title": "Stargate.how: October status check, where every Stargate site stands", "url": "https://stargate.how/news/stargate-october-2026-tracker-update", "date": "2026-10-18", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Shackelford County 'Frontier' (Vantage, roughly 1.4 GW, 10 buildings): under construction, first building expected late 2026.", "sources": [ { "title": "Stargate.how: October status check, where every Stargate site stands", "url": "https://stargate.how/news/stargate-october-2026-tracker-update", "date": "2026-10-18", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true }, { "text": "Milam County (SB Energy/OpenAI, Central TX): first building was scheduled for Oct 15, 2026, with no confirmation it is in service.", "sources": [ { "title": "Stargate.how: October status check, where every Stargate site stands", "url": "https://stargate.how/news/stargate-october-2026-tracker-update", "date": "2026-10-18", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Nscale, Barstow: Microsoft runs about 230 MW and declined an expansion option. Ionic's further 466 MW lacks permission to bring power to the site.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Microsoft declined option for expanded compute contract in Texas with Nscale", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-declined-option-for-expanded-compute-contract-in-texas-with-nscale/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Governor-elect Hinojosa's moratorium pledge plus the TCEQ halt put on-site gas permitting at risk.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Anti-data center candidates claim victory across the US in 2026 midterm elections", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/us-midterm-elections-2026-data-centers-donald-trump/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "DCD: More than half of US hyperscale projects face 'regulatory friction' after midterms (BMI, Cleanview)", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/more-than-half-of-us-hyperscale-data-center-projects-face-regulatory-friction-after-2026-midterm-elections-report/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "This is the largest delivered AI capacity in the US, but all of the incremental growth runs through ERCOT's audit and TCEQ air permits. Self-powered campuses are the most exposed to a new governor's air-permit lever.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mwd-tx-hinojosa" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-tx-gov-sep21", "mwd-tx-gov-aug3", "mn-tx-sb-6-89r-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 1, "in_force": 3, "total": 12 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "not_benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "display": "Not yet benchmarked", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. We have not published a directional pricing/supply snapshot for this market yet." } }, { "slug": "iowa", "name": "Iowa (Des Moines, Cedar Rapids)", "short": "Iowa", "states": [ "IA" ], "order": 19, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Tertiary", "position": 2, "note": "Also top 10 in C&W grid-stability ranking", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "MidAmerican Energy (MISO), Alliant Energy/IPL (MISO)", "power": [ { "text": "Alliant has 3.4 GW of contracted data center demand (Google, Meta, QTS among them) and expects another 1 GW in six months. 2027-30 capex rose 19% to $15.9B.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Alliant Energy expects to sign 1GW of data center supply contracts in next six months", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/wisconsin-utility-alliant-energy-expects-to-sign-1gw-of-data-center-supply-contracts-in-next-six-months/", "date": "2026-11-02", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Cedar Rapids: Google's transmission service is energized, and QTS expects about 300 MW initial energization later in 2026 (Alliant Q2 call).", "sources": [ { "title": "Alliant Energy Q2 2026 earnings call transcript (StockAnalysis)", "url": "https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/lnt/transcripts/659145-q2-2026/", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Microsoft, West Des Moines: multiple campuses on MidAmerican (an aggregator lists ~444 MW Ginger East and ~207 MW Ginger West).", "sources": [ { "title": "Clean Energy Districts of Iowa: Data centers in Iowa resource hub (aggregator)", "url": "https://www.cleanenergydistricts.org/data-centers-in-iowa-resource-hub", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Iowa added expiration dates to its data center tax exemptions (2025 HF976), and 50+ local moratoria are recorded statewide.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Programs.com: Data Center Moratoriums by State tracker (2026)", "url": "https://programs.com/resources/data-center-moratoriums-tracker/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "heating", "summary": "Contracted, energizing load at Alliant and MidAmerican plus cheap wind. The rural local moratorium count is the main risk.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mn-ia-city-of-fairfax-undated" ], "in_force": [ "mn-ia-city-of-ames-2026", "mn-ia-linn-county-2026", "mn-ia-ssb3103-2026", "mn-ia-madison-county-2026", "mn-ia-ssb3001-2026", "mn-ia-ssb3151-hf2357-2026", "mn-ia-johnson-county-2025", "mn-ia-story-county-2025", "mn-ia-hf976-2025", "mn-ia-sf657-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 1, "in_force": 10, "total": 17 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "not_benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "display": "Not yet benchmarked", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. We have not published a directional pricing/supply snapshot for this market yet." } }, { "slug": "houston", "name": "Houston", "short": "Houston", "states": [ "TX" ], "order": 20, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Tertiary", "position": 3, "note": "", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "CenterPoint Houston Electric (ERCOT)", "power": [ { "text": "CenterPoint has about 12 GW of large-load requests eligible as base or studied load in ERCOT's Batch Zero (about 10 GW base, 2 GW studied), out of more than 17 GW submitted.", "sources": [ { "title": "CenterPoint Energy Q2 2026 results and ERCOT Batch Zero update", "url": "https://investors.centerpointenergy.com/news-releases/news-release-details/centerpoint-energy-reports-strong-q2-2026-results-provides", "date": "2026-07", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Utility Dive: CenterPoint says 14 GW likely eligible for Texas 'Batch Zero'", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/centerpoint-energy-14-gw-texas-batch-zero-large-load-earnings/826329/", "date": "2026-07", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Statewide Texas pause and TCEQ halt apply.", "sources": [ { "title": "Office of the Texas Governor: Governor Abbott directs comprehensive data center audit", "url": "https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-directs-comprehensive-data-center-audit", "date": "2026-08-03", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Office of the Texas Governor: Governor Abbott directs TCEQ to halt data center permits", "url": "https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-directs-tceq-to-halt-data-center-permits", "date": "2026-09-21", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "A big eligible queue, but it is frozen like the rest of ERCOT. Gulf Coast gas supply is an advantage once the audit clears.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mwd-tx-hinojosa" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-tx-gov-sep21", "mwd-tx-gov-aug3", "mn-tx-sb-6-89r-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 1, "in_force": 3, "total": 12 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": false, "coverage_note": null, "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$120\u2013350/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$110\u2013195/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$95\u2013210/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "around 5\u20138%", "vacancy_label": "moderately available", "inventory_commissioned": "~245\u2013355 MW", "available_power": "~0\u201335 MW", "under_construction": "~20\u2013130 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~0.4\u20130.9 GW", "absorption_trend": "solid positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Mix of tight wholesale and some retail availability; large contiguous blocks still require lead time." } }, { "slug": "tulsa", "name": "Tulsa / Northeast Oklahoma", "short": "Tulsa", "states": [ "OK" ], "order": 21, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Tertiary", "position": 4, "note": "", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "PSO (AEP, SPP); GRDA", "power": [ { "text": "Oklahoma's Data Center Customer (Ratepayer) Protection Act of 2026 (HB 2992) requires large-load cost responsibility.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Google 'Project Clydesdale', Tulsa County: a 506-acre campus near Owasso under construction, with a notice of intent filed at the OCC on Oct 15, 2026. Electric load was not officially disclosed.", "sources": [ { "title": "Oklahoma Corporation Commission: Data center notice of intent, Google, Tulsa County", "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/occ/documents/pu/data-center-act/notice-of-intent-submissions/2026-10-15-google-tulsa-county.pdf", "date": "2026-10-15", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "News9: Google begins construction on 506-acre data center campus in Tulsa County", "url": "https://www.news9.com/data-centers-in-oklahoma/google-data-center-campus-tulsa-county-oklahoma", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Google announced a $9B Oklahoma investment.", "sources": [ { "title": "Google: new $9 billion investment in Oklahoma", "url": "https://blog.google/company-news/inside-google/company-announcements/google-american-innovation-oklahoma/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "SB 1488 (statewide moratorium to 2029) failed. SB 259 (groundwater metering) was enacted.", "sources": [ { "title": "NCSL: Which States Are Banning Data Centers? (updated Sep 15, 2026)", "url": "https://www.ncsl.org/fiscal/which-states-are-banning-data-centers", "date": "2026-09-15", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "heating", "summary": "Hyperscaler under construction, SPP rather than ERCOT, and a state that rejected a moratorium.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [], "in_force": [ "mn-ok-broken-arrow-2026", "mn-ok-sb-259-2026", "mn-ok-hb-2992-2026", "mn-ok-tulsa-2026" ], "counts": { "pending": 0, "in_force": 4, "total": 13 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "not_benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "display": "Not yet benchmarked", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. We have not published a directional pricing/supply snapshot for this market yet." } }, { "slug": "dakotas", "name": "The Dakotas", "short": "Dakotas", "states": [ "ND", "SD" ], "order": 22, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Tertiary", "position": 5, "note": "#4 in C&W grid-stability ranking", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Basin Electric / co-ops, Xcel, MDU, Otter Tail (SPP/MISO)", "power": [ { "text": "Basin Electric's large-load program funds dedicated generation, and it has received more than a dozen applications totaling over 11 GW.", "sources": [ { "title": "TSLN: Dakotas discuss data centers (Basin Electric large-load program)", "url": "https://www.tsln.com/news/dakotas-discuss-datacenters/", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Applied Digital Polaris Forge 1, Ellendale ND: added 75 MW, with a path to 400 MW.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Applied Digital adds 75MW of capacity at Ellendale campus in North Dakota", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/applied-digital-adds-75mw-of-capacity-at-ellendale-data-center-campus-in-north-dakota/", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "SD SB 135 (2026) 'Data Center Bill of Rights': a 10 MW+ definition and separate electric-service terms. SD's moratorium bill SB 232 failed.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "NCSL: Which States Are Banning Data Centers? (updated Sep 15, 2026)", "url": "https://www.ncsl.org/fiscal/which-states-are-banning-data-centers", "date": "2026-09-15", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Nov 3, 2026: Harwood ND voters rejected extra industrial review, the lone pro-development result.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Local data center moratoria, limits, and restrictions voted in across the US", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/local-data-center-moratoria-limits-and-restrictions-voted-in-across-the-us/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "heating", "summary": "Cold climate, stranded wind, a co-op willing to build for load, and voters who said yes. A rare tailwind market.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mn-nd-harmony-township-undated" ], "in_force": [ "mn-sd-aberdeen-2026", "mn-sd-hb-1038-2026", "mn-sd-sb-135-2026-data-center-bill-of-rights-for-citizens", "mn-nd-hb-1579-69th-assembly-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 1, "in_force": 4, "total": 18 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "not_benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "display": "Not yet benchmarked", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. We have not published a directional pricing/supply snapshot for this market yet." } }, { "slug": "kansas-city", "name": "Kansas City", "short": "Kansas City", "states": [ "MO", "KS" ], "order": 23, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Tertiary", "position": 6, "note": "", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Evergy (SPP)", "power": [ { "text": "Evergy's large-load (LLPS) tariff covers loads above 75 MW: 12-year minimum term, minimum bills at 80% of contracted capacity, collateral. About 2.5 GW is signed across five agreements, including Google and Meta.", "sources": [ { "title": "Topeka Capital-Journal: Data center demand fuels Evergy plan for more power plants in Kansas", "url": "https://www.cjonline.com/story/news/politics/government/2026/08/16/data-center-demand-fuels-evergy-plan-for-more-power-plants-in-kansas/91241280007/", "date": "2026-08-16", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Evergy Q3 2026 earnings call transcript (Motley Fool)", "url": "https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2026/11/05/evergy-evrg-q3-2026-earnings-call-transcript/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "projects": [], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Missouri SB 4 (2025) requires large-load tariff filings.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Kansas: Franklin and Harvey counties have pauses through 2028. Nov 3 votes passed bans in El Dorado (10 years) and Emporia (court challenge pending), and an Ottawa vote faces court questions.", "sources": [ { "title": "Programs.com: Data Center Moratoriums by State tracker (2026)", "url": "https://programs.com/resources/data-center-moratoriums-tracker/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "DCD: Local data center moratoria, limits, and restrictions voted in across the US", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/local-data-center-moratoria-limits-and-restrictions-voted-in-across-the-us/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "Evergy is contracting real hyperscale load under a strict tariff, while rural Kansas voters are drawing hard lines.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mwd-ballot-ks-26" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-evergy-llps", "mn-mo-oak-grove-2026", "mn-ks-lawrence-2026", "mn-mo-city-of-independence-2026", "mn-mo-jackson-county-2026", "mn-ks-sb-98-2025", "mn-mo-sb-4-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 1, "in_force": 7, "total": 20 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": false, "coverage_note": null, "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$145\u2013340/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$105\u2013205/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$100\u2013200/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "low-to-mid teens", "vacancy_label": "soft relative to primary markets", "inventory_commissioned": "~90\u2013160 MW", "available_power": "~0\u201335 MW", "under_construction": "~0\u201330 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~115\u2013185 MW", "absorption_trend": "flat / little net absorption in the latest quarter", "power_timing_theme": "More near-term colo availability than primary AI markets; still confirm substation and transmission timing for large loads." } }, { "slug": "cheyenne", "name": "Cheyenne / Laramie County, WY", "short": "Cheyenne", "states": [ "WY" ], "order": 24, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Tertiary", "position": 7, "note": "", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Black Hills Energy; Tallgrass power hub (behind-the-meter)", "power": [ { "text": "Google's first Wyoming campus ($17B, Laramie County) is contracted with AEP for a 702 MW Bloom fuel-cell plant with carbon capture. Google says it pays 100% of its power.", "sources": [ { "title": "Google: Our data center investment in Wyoming (Laramie County, 702 MW fuel cells)", "url": "https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/infrastructure-and-cloud/global-network/wyoming-data-center/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Project Jade, renamed Project Tembo (2.7 GW): Crusoe exited in Jun 2026 and Google took over as owner and operator. Tallgrass develops the Cheyenne Power Hub.", "sources": [ { "title": "Cowboy State Daily: Partner pulling out doesn't slow huge 2.7GW Cheyenne Project Jade", "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/06/11/partner-pulling-out-doesnt-slow-huge-2-7gw-cheyenne-project-jade-data-center/", "date": "2026-06-11", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "DCD: Google is customer behind 2.7GW data center campus near Cheyenne, Wyoming", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-is-customer-behind-27gw-data-center-campus-near-cheyenne-wyoming/", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "The Moratorium Nation inventory shows no local moratoria in Wyoming, and the state has had sales-tax exemptions since 2010.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "heating", "summary": "Hyperscale self-build with on-site power in a state with no local bans. One of the clearest 'speed to power' plays.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [], "in_force": [ "mn-wy-hb0064-2013", "mn-wy-hb0117-2011", "mn-wy-hb0067-2010" ], "counts": { "pending": 0, "in_force": 3, "total": 5 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "not_benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "display": "Not yet benchmarked", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. We have not published a directional pricing/supply snapshot for this market yet." } }, { "slug": "texas-panhandle", "name": "Texas Panhandle (Amarillo)", "short": "TX Panhandle", "states": [ "TX" ], "order": 25, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Tertiary", "position": 8, "note": "", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Xcel / Southwestern Public Service (SPP, outside ERCOT)", "power": [ { "text": "The Panhandle is in SPP, so ERCOT's large-load pause does not apply.", "sources": [ { "title": "Amarillo Tribune: Abbott halts data center approvals, but Panhandle data centers will not be affected", "url": "https://amarillotribune.org/2026/08/04/abbott-halts-data-center-approvals-pending-audits-but-panhandle-data-centers-will-not-be-affected/", "date": "2026-08-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Fermi America signed an ESA with SPS for up to 200 MW.", "sources": [ { "title": "Fermi America executes ESA with SPS (Xcel) for up to 200 MW (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fermi-america-executes-electric-service-agreement-with-southwestern-public-service-company-a-subsidiary-of-xcel-energy-securing-up-to-200-mw-of-power-302634443.html", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Fermi 'Project Matador' (Amarillo): initial gas turbines have arrived, with no first-power date. Fermi is pivoting to a powered-land strategy (Nov 2, 2026).", "sources": [ { "title": "Fermi America: Progress (Project Matador)", "url": "https://fermiamerica.com/progress/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "MarketBeat: Fermi advances Project Matador, pivots to powered-land strategy", "url": "https://www.marketbeat.com/instant-alerts/event-fermi-advances-project-matador-pivots-to-powered-land-strategy-as-director-vote-fails-2026-11-02/", "date": "2026-11-02", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "The TCEQ permit halt still applies to air permits statewide. Fermi's additional generation permits are reported paused.", "sources": [ { "title": "Office of the Texas Governor: Governor Abbott directs TCEQ to halt data center permits", "url": "https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-directs-tceq-to-halt-data-center-permits", "date": "2026-09-21", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "It avoids ERCOT's freeze, but not TCEQ's air-permit halt. The flagship developer is changing strategy.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mwd-tx-hinojosa" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-tx-gov-sep21", "mwd-tx-gov-aug3", "mn-tx-sb-6-89r-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 1, "in_force": 3, "total": 12 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "not_benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "display": "Not yet benchmarked", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. We have not published a directional pricing/supply snapshot for this market yet." } }, { "slug": "central-washington", "name": "Washington: Central WA (Quincy/Wenatchee) + Seattle", "short": "Central WA", "states": [ "WA" ], "order": 26, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 Americas", "tier": "Tertiary", "position": 9, "note": "", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "Grant PUD, Chelan PUD, Douglas PUD (hydro); Seattle City Light / PSE", "power": [ { "text": "Grant PUD: 8 data center operators used about 280 aMW in 2025 (~37% of load), with about 800 MW of large-load requests in its power application queue. New large users pay for generation, transmission, and distribution.", "sources": [ { "title": "Grant PUD: Data center FAQs", "url": "https://www.grantpud.org/blog/data-center-faqs", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Chelan PUD has no moratorium and relies on its large-load policies.", "sources": [ { "title": "Chelan PUD: Large loads", "url": "https://www.chelanpud.org/learning-center/large-loads", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [], "regulatory": [ { "text": "SB 6231 (2026) expired or narrowed some rural data center sales-tax certificates. The refurbishment path ended Jul 1, 2026.", "sources": [ { "title": "Washington DOR special notice: modification of rural data center sales/use tax exemption (ESSB 6231)", "url": "https://dor.wa.gov/forms-publications/publications-subject/special-notices/modification-sales-and-use-tax-exemption-rural-data-centers", "date": "2026-06-03", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "cooling", "summary": "Cheap hydro is fully subscribed, there is a waitlist, and the incentive was narrowed.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [], "in_force": [ "mn-wa-renton-2026", "mn-wa-kittitas-county-2026", "mn-wa-federal-way-2026", "mn-wa-burien-2026", "mn-wa-seattle-2026", "mn-wa-seattle-2026-2", "mn-wa-sb-6231-2025-26", "mn-wa-sb-5982-2025-26", "mn-wa-sb-5431-ssb-5431-2025-26" ], "counts": { "pending": 0, "in_force": 9, "total": 12 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": true, "coverage_note": "Blends Central WA (Quincy) and Seattle-area colocation pricing; treat as a corridor view.", "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$155\u2013400/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$95\u2013275/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$95\u2013200/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "around 5\u20138%", "vacancy_label": "moderately available", "inventory_commissioned": "~380\u2013470 MW", "available_power": "~15\u201340 MW", "under_construction": "~25\u201350 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~220\u2013330 MW", "absorption_trend": "modest positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Mix of tight wholesale and some retail availability; large contiguous blocks still require lead time." } }, { "slug": "nashville", "name": "Nashville / Middle Tennessee", "short": "Nashville", "states": [ "TN" ], "order": 27, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 grid-stability top 10", "tier": "Grid stability", "position": 7, "note": "Not in C&W's Americas top 30, but listed #7 for grid stability", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "TVA + local power companies (NES)", "power": [ { "text": "TVA's board created a separate data center rate and capacity-commitment charge, effective Oct 1, 2026.", "sources": [ { "title": "Nashville Post: TVA votes to increase rate payment for data centers", "url": "https://www.nashvillepost.com/business/development/tva-votes-to-increase-rate-payment-for-data-centers/article_e5deaf6b-8df8-431e-8ca4-84f630e523e6.html", "date": "2026-08", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "NES adopted a ratepayer-protection framework for large-load data centers.", "sources": [ { "title": "NewsChannel 5: NES adopts framework for growing data center power demands in Nashville", "url": "https://www.newschannel5.com/news/nes-adopts-ratepayer-protection-pledge-as-utility-fields-increasing-requests-from-large-load-data-centers", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Metro Nashville adopted data center regulations and a temporary moratorium through Nov 1, 2026 (BL2026-1448).", "sources": [ { "title": "Metro Nashville legislation BL2026-1448 (data center moratorium and regulations)", "url": "https://nashville.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?FullText=1&GUID=2A6E536A-95F6-46B9-993A-1F6E018DD389&ID=8063111", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Nashville Post: Council approves data center regulations, moratorium", "url": "https://www.nashvillepost.com/politics/metro/council-approves-data-center-regulations-moratorium/article_72f8e20f-5247-4429-b3a0-cda5c92ada0b.html", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "TN HB1847/SB2128 (2026): data centers of 50 MW+ must pay the infrastructure costs needed to serve them.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "TVA is pricing data centers separately, a new rules regime is live, and the moratorium window just closed.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mn-tn-gallatin-undated" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-tva-dc-rate", "mn-tn-kingston-springs-2026", "mn-tn-dickson-county-2026", "mn-tn-wilson-county-2026", "mn-tn-cedar-hill-2026", "mn-tn-hb1847-sb2128" ], "counts": { "pending": 1, "in_force": 6, "total": 15 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "not_benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "display": "Not yet benchmarked", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. We have not published a directional pricing/supply snapshot for this market yet." } }, { "slug": "memphis", "name": "Memphis / North Mississippi", "short": "Memphis", "states": [ "TN", "MS" ], "order": 28, "ranking": { "source": "C&W 2026 grid-stability top 10", "tier": "Grid stability", "position": 8, "note": "Not in C&W's Americas top 30, but listed #8 for grid stability", "sources": [ { "title": "Cushman & Wakefield, 2026 Global Data Center Market Comparison (Americas rankings)", "url": "https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/insights/global-data-center-market-comparison", "date": "2026-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "MLGW / TVA; Entergy Mississippi; on-site turbines", "power": [ { "text": "SpaceXAI's Southaven turbines: Mississippi permitted 41 permanent turbines (~1.2 GW). A federal judge ruled on Nov 2, 2026 that the turbines need air permits, and temporary units are under an agreed order for removal.", "sources": [ { "title": "Mississippi Today: Federal judge rules Southaven data center gas turbines must have air permits", "url": "https://mississippitoday.org/2026/11/02/federal-judge-southaven-data-center-gas-turbines-must-have-air-permits/", "date": "2026-11-02", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Commercial Appeal: SpaceXAI, Southaven enter agreed order to remove temporary turbines", "url": "https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/money/business/development/2026/07/30/spacexai-southaven-enters-agreed-order-to-remove-temporary-turbines/91117131007/", "date": "2026-07-30", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "SpaceXAI (xAI) Colossus 2, Tulane Road, Memphis: an estimated ~946 MW IT capacity (Epoch estimate), expanding into two more Mississippi campuses.", "sources": [ { "title": "Epoch AI: Largest AI data centers ranked by power capacity, 2026", "url": "https://epoch.ai/graphs/largest-ai-data-centers-by-power-capacity", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "DCD: SpaceXAI launching two additional data center campuses in Mississippi to expand Colossus 2", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/spacexai-launching-two-additional-data-center-campuses-in-mississippi-to-further-expand-colossus-2/", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Behind-the-meter gas faces Clean Air Act litigation, a template for challenges elsewhere.", "sources": [ { "title": "Mississippi Today: Federal judge rules Southaven data center gas turbines must have air permits", "url": "https://mississippitoday.org/2026/11/02/federal-judge-southaven-data-center-gas-turbines-must-have-air-permits/", "date": "2026-11-02", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "The largest single AI cluster build, now with a federal court constraint on its on-site power model.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mn-tn-memphis-undated" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-tva-dc-rate", "mn-tn-hb1847-sb2128", "mn-ms-hb1393-2026", "mn-ms-sb3410-2026" ], "counts": { "pending": 1, "in_force": 4, "total": 17 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "not_benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "display": "Not yet benchmarked", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. We have not published a directional pricing/supply snapshot for this market yet." } }, { "slug": "northern-indiana", "name": "Indiana (Northern Indiana + Indianapolis)", "short": "Indiana", "states": [ "IN" ], "order": 29, "ranking": { "source": "MW Desk addition", "tier": "Hyperscale pipeline", "position": null, "note": "Not in C&W's 2026 Americas top 30. Added for its announced hyperscale pipeline (Amazon $15B + $11B).", "sources": [ { "title": "Amazon: to invest $15 billion in Indiana for new data centers", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-15-billion-indiana-data-centers", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "NIPSCO / NIPSCO GenCo, Indiana Michigan Power (AEP, PJM), Duke Indiana, AES Indiana (MISO)", "power": [ { "text": "IURC Cause 46322: the NIPSCO GenCo special contract lets Amazon fund dedicated generation and transmission. Amazon's northern Indiana load is reported approved for up to 2,400 MW by 2032.", "sources": [ { "title": "DataCenterData: IURC Cause 46322, NIPSCO GenCo special contract for Amazon data centers", "url": "https://datacenterdata.com/insights/policy/a/in-iurc-cause-46322-nipsco-genco-amazon-special-contract/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true }, { "text": "I&M large-load settlement order requires proportional long-term financial commitments.", "sources": [ { "title": "Indiana Michigan Power: receives order in large load settlement", "url": "https://www.indianamichiganpower.com/company/news/view?releaseID=10036", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "Amazon: a $15B Indiana investment on top of $11B previously announced (New Carlisle area).", "sources": [ { "title": "Amazon: to invest $15 billion in Indiana for new data centers", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-15-billion-indiana-data-centers", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "Indianapolis: a data center moratorium through Dec 31, 2027, approved Aug 2026. Three already-approved projects proceed.", "sources": [ { "title": "IndyStar: Indianapolis approves data center moratorium through 2027", "url": "https://www.indystar.com/story/money/business/development/2026/08/19/city-halts-new-data-centers-through-2027-in-rare-win-for-opponents/91372924007/", "date": "2026-08-19", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "HB 1210 and HB 1406 (2026): incentive conditions and a state study of tax, utility-cost, and water impacts.", "sources": [ { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "The utility structures (GenCo) protect ratepayers and keep Amazon building, but the capital city closed its doors through 2027.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mn-mi-howard-charter-township-cass-county-undated" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-ferc-pjm-ll", "mn-in-elkhart-2026", "mwd-in-indianapolis", "mn-in-valparaiso-porter-county-undated", "mn-mi-chikaming-township-2026", "mn-in-boone-county-2026", "mn-mi-lincoln-township-2026", "mn-mi-niles-charter-township-2026", "mn-mi-penn-township-cass-county-2026", "mn-mi-porter-township-2026", "mn-mi-mason-township-2026", "mn-mi-new-buffalo-township-2026", "mn-in-hb-1210", "mn-in-hb-1406", "mn-in-starke-county-2025" ], "counts": { "pending": 1, "in_force": 15, "total": 23 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "not_benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "display": "Not yet benchmarked", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. We have not published a directional pricing/supply snapshot for this market yet." } }, { "slug": "pennsylvania", "name": "Pennsylvania (Susquehanna, Homer City, SE PA)", "short": "Pennsylvania", "states": [ "PA" ], "order": 30, "ranking": { "source": "MW Desk addition", "tier": "Hyperscale pipeline", "position": null, "note": "Not in C&W's 2026 Americas top 30. BMI lists PA among the four largest hyperscale pipelines from 2028.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: More than half of US hyperscale projects face 'regulatory friction' after midterms (BMI, Cleanview)", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/more-than-half-of-us-hyperscale-data-center-projects-face-regulatory-friction-after-2026-midterm-elections-report/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, "grid": "PPL, PECO, Penelec/FirstEnergy (PJM); co-located generation", "power": [ { "text": "PPL's 'advanced' data center pipeline grew to 28.3 GW, per Utility Dive.", "sources": [ { "title": "Utility Dive: PPL 'advanced' data center pipeline grows to 28.3 GW in Pennsylvania", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/ppl-data-center-pipeline-pjm-blackstone-earnings/819804/", "date": "2026", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "projects": [ { "text": "AWS: a $20B Pennsylvania plan (2025), including the Salem Township (Susquehanna) campus.", "sources": [ { "title": "Amazon: plans to invest $20B in Pennsylvania to expand cloud infrastructure", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/amazon-pennsylvania-investment-cloud-infrastructure-ai-innovation", "date": "2025-06", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "Homer City: AWS filed a 10-year, 2,200-acre plan on the former coal plant site, alongside a 4.5 GW gas plant.", "sources": [ { "title": "Inside the Datacenter: AWS files a ten-year, 2,200-acre data center plan at Homer City", "url": "https://insidethedatacenter.com/articles/aws-homer-city-campus/", "date": "2026-09", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": true } ], "regulatory": [ { "text": "EO 2026-05 (Aug 18, 2026) GRID requirements for data centers over 25 MW: binding commitments to pay all project-caused generation, transmission, and distribution costs, local approval, and clean-firm energy targets starting at 10% and reaching 32% by 2035. The EO also pulls data centers out of PA Permit Fast Track and bars NDAs.", "sources": [ { "title": "Commonwealth of Pennsylvania: Governor Shapiro signs executive order on data center development", "url": "https://www.pa.gov/governor/newsroom/2026-press-releases/governor-shapiro-signs-executive-order-on-data-center-developmen", "date": "2026-08-18", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "PA DCED: The Governor's Responsible Infrastructure Development (GRID) requirements", "url": "https://dced.pa.gov/business-assistance/data-center-resources/grid-requirements/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Reuters: Pennsylvania governor signs order imposing new rules to set up AI data centers", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/pennsylvania-governor-signs-order-imposing-new-rules-set-up-ai-data-centers-2026-08-18/", "date": "2026-08-18", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false }, { "text": "SB 1359/HB 2533 (3-year moratorium or municipal ban authority) were introduced. Gov. Shapiro was re-elected Nov 3.", "sources": [ { "title": "NCSL: Which States Are Banning Data Centers? (updated Sep 15, 2026)", "url": "https://www.ncsl.org/fiscal/which-states-are-banning-data-centers", "date": "2026-09-15", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "DCD: Anti-data center candidates claim victory across the US in 2026 midterm elections", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/us-midterm-elections-2026-data-centers-donald-trump/", "date": "2026-11-04", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ], "uncertain": false } ], "signal": { "direction": "mixed", "summary": "There is massive co-located generation potential, but PA now has the strictest 'pay your own way' executive rules of any big market.", "basis": "MW Desk analysis of the cited sources, as of 2026-11-05" }, "legislation": { "pending": [ "mn-pa-proposed-municipal-moratorium-memo-48540", "mn-pa-sb1345", "mn-pa-hb2359", "mn-pa-proposed-zoning-consideration-period-memo-48467", "mn-pa-hb2198", "mn-pa-proposed-statewide-moratorium-memo-48102", "mn-pa-sb1359", "mn-pa-hb2246", "mn-pa-hb2150", "mn-pa-hb2151", "mn-pa-hb2372", "mn-pa-hb1834", "mn-pa-sb724", "mn-pa-sb939", "mn-pa-hb2153", "mn-pa-hb2061", "mn-pa-sr185", "mn-pa-sb991" ], "in_force": [ "mwd-ferc-pjm-ll", "mn-pa-west-mahanoy-township-2026", "mwd-pa-eo202605", "mn-pa-falls-township-2026", "mn-pa-morrisville-borough-2026", "mn-pa-doylestown-township-2026", "mn-pa-bensalem-township-2026", "mn-pa-hazle-township-2026", "mn-pa-mount-carmel-township-2026", "mn-pa-butler-township-2026", "mn-pa-west-whiteland-township-2026", "mn-pa-east-whiteland-township-2026" ], "counts": { "pending": 18, "in_force": 12, "total": 34 } }, "field_notes": { "status": "placeholder", "author": "TJ", "body": "" }, "pricing_snapshot": { "status": "benchmarked", "label": "MW Desk estimate / directional range, Q4 2026", "disclaimer": "Indicative only. Ranges are rounded and adjusted directional estimates, not quoted asking rates or a survey. Confirm with brokers and operators before acting. Source data ages quickly.", "partial_coverage": true, "coverage_note": "Directional ranges lean on the Pittsburgh metro; Susquehanna / Homer City / SE PA campuses are not separately priced here.", "pricing_usd_per_kw_mo": { "retail_0_250kw": "$165\u2013325/kW-mo", "wholesale_250kw_4mw": "$95\u2013245/kW-mo", "hyperscale_4mw_plus": "$100\u2013235/kW-mo" }, "vacancy_band": "around 5\u20138%", "vacancy_label": "moderately available", "inventory_commissioned": "~55\u2013145 MW", "available_power": "~0\u201320 MW", "under_construction": "~0\u201315 MW", "planned_pipeline": "~2.2\u20132.9 GW", "absorption_trend": "solid positive absorption", "power_timing_theme": "Mix of tight wholesale and some retail availability; large contiguous blocks still require lead time." } } ], "watchlist": [ { "state": "Louisiana", "note": "Meta Hyperion (Richland Parish): Entergy's generation settlement for the campus gets an LPSC vote next month. EO JML 26-058 ties the sales-tax exemption to ratepayer and community protections.", "sources": [ { "title": "Utility Dive: Entergy makes progress on Arkansas data center, reports strong Q3 sales", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/entergy-makes-progress-on-arkansas-data-center-reports-strong-q3-sales/873873/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Louisiana Executive Order JML 26-058: Ratepayer and Community Protection criteria for data center certifications", "url": "https://gov.louisiana.gov/assets/2026-Executive-Orders/JML-Executive-Order-25-058.pdf", "date": "2026-06-25", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, { "state": "Wisconsin", "note": "Microsoft Fairwater (Mount Pleasant) is operating, and Stargate Port Washington (Vantage/Oracle) is targeting partial power in Dec 2027 after regulators made ATC restart a $1B+ transmission application. Governor-elect Crowley wants 100% renewables as a condition of approval.", "sources": [ { "title": "Microsoft: completes construction on first datacenter facility in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin", "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/2026/06/23/microsoft-completes-construction-on-first-datacenter-facility-in-mount-pleasant-wisconsin/", "date": "2026-06-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Stargate.how: October status check, where every Stargate site stands", "url": "https://stargate.how/news/stargate-october-2026-tracker-update", "date": "2026-10-18", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "DCD: More than half of US hyperscale projects face 'regulatory friction' after midterms (BMI, Cleanview)", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/more-than-half-of-us-hyperscale-data-center-projects-face-regulatory-friction-after-2026-midterm-elections-report/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, { "state": "Kentucky", "note": "TeraWulf Justified (Hawesville, 480 MW) is leased to Anthropic with a Google credit backstop. EO 2026-494 adds energy-plan and ratepayer requirements, and Louisville Metro has a 6-month pause.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Google to serve as credit backstop for TeraWulf data center in Kentucky", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-to-serve-as-credit-backstop-for-terawulf-data-center-in-kentucky/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "WKYT: Gov. Beshear signs executive order increasing requirements for data center developers", "url": "https://www.wkyt.com/2026/08/06/gov-beshear-signs-executive-order-increasing-requirements-data-center-developers-kentucky/", "date": "2026-08-06", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Programs.com: Data Center Moratoriums by State tracker (2026)", "url": "https://programs.com/resources/data-center-moratoriums-tracker/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, { "state": "Alabama", "note": "Lambda's Project Red Clay (Lowndes County) plans 1 GW, potentially 1.5 GW, with first operations targeted for Q4 2028. Act 2026-573 limits abatements for 100 MW+ sites starting in 2027.", "sources": [ { "title": "DCD: Lambda to develop four-building data center campus in Lowndes County, Alabama", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/lambda-to-develop-four-building-data-center-campus-in-lowndes-county-alabama/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, { "state": "Arkansas", "note": "An amended Entergy/Google contract adds 350 MW of storage and 440 MW of solar, with a PSC hearing in January.", "sources": [ { "title": "Utility Dive: Entergy makes progress on Arkansas data center, reports strong Q3 sales", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/entergy-makes-progress-on-arkansas-data-center-reports-strong-q3-sales/873873/", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, { "state": "Michigan", "note": "Stargate 'The Barn' (Saline Twp): an appeal of DTE's conditionally approved 1,383 MW contracts is pending. Michigan has 130+ local moratoria in force.", "sources": [ { "title": "Stargate.how: October status check, where every Stargate site stands", "url": "https://stargate.how/news/stargate-october-2026-tracker-update", "date": "2026-10-18", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Moratorium Nation dataset (M. Bommarito, CC BY 4.0), current through Sep 23, 2026", "url": "https://github.com/mjbommar/moratorium-data-2026", "date": "2026-09-23", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, { "state": "New Mexico", "note": "Project Jupiter (Do\u00f1a Ana County) is in a force majeure dispute and still has no air permit for its fuel-cell microgrid.", "sources": [ { "title": "Stargate.how: October status check, where every Stargate site stands", "url": "https://stargate.how/news/stargate-october-2026-tracker-update", "date": "2026-10-18", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] }, { "state": "Mississippi", "note": "Amazon has a $25B Mississippi plan. SpaceXAI's Southaven expansion faces a federal air-permit ruling.", "sources": [ { "title": "Amazon: to invest $25 billion in Mississippi data centers", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-25-billion-mississippi-data-centers", "date": "2026-11-05", "accessed": "2026-11-05" }, { "title": "Mississippi Today: Federal judge rules Southaven data center gas turbines must have air permits", "url": "https://mississippitoday.org/2026/11/02/federal-judge-southaven-data-center-gas-turbines-must-have-air-permits/", "date": "2026-11-02", "accessed": "2026-11-05" } ] } ] }